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Manufacture of oil > Base oils > Aircraft oils > Engine oils
Modern oil (mineral), synthetic and semi-synthetic motor oil is obtained by mixing base oils with additives for various applications. As base oils often use petroleum distillate oils of different viscosities. Also used oil hydroisomerization process, so-called synthetic oils and hydrocracked basestocks. Mixing with the oil hydrocracking or synthetic oils obtained semi-synthetic oils.
The manufacturing process of lubricating oils for modern technology consists of three stages:
1) raw material preparation - preparing the starting oil fractions;
Base oils (oil components) are produced in the refining process units at the existing flow chart. The plant produces oil refining to produce a distillate oil fractions 350-420 ° C, 420-500 ° C, and the fraction above 500 ° C. At present, the development of the oil refining industry allows for distillation with a narrower fractional composition received a large number of base oils.
2) providing a source of oil components lube through various purification methods lube fractions in plants;
In most cases, this selective purification oil fractions 350-420 ° C and 420-500 ° C to yield furfural raffinate fractions 350-420 and 420-500 ° C. Tar propane deasphalting and selective purification of phenol and tricresol (solvent "the selector") in a solution of propane deasphalting to produce residual raffinate fraction above 500 ° C. Hydrotreating remaining raffinate fractions above 500 ° C in the fixed bed catalyst with development ostatatochnogo hydrotreated raffinate fraction above 500 ° C. Dewaxing raffinates fractions 350-420 ° C and 420-500 ° C and a hydrotreated residual raffinate solution in toluene-methyl ethyl ketone to obtain a dewaxed lube 350-420 ° C and 420-500 ° C as well as hydrotreated residual component.
3) obtain direct commercial oils mixing (compounding) oil components and additives.
All processes include the production of lubricating oil viscosity control level by compounding a base oil and additives to produce injection products with desired properties. Oils usually compounded at 50-60 ° C. At this temperature, the viscosity of oils and additives are low enough to guarantee a satisfactory and rapid mixing. At the same time, the base oils and additives are not subjected to significant thermal stresses. But at high temperatures, for example 100 ° C, the rate of decomposition of some additives (in particular EP) already significant. Temperatures above 100-120 ° C are required only in the case of additives that are difficult to dissolve, such as sulfur in lubricating fluids.
The oils may be compounded in the tanks periodically, reactors and mixers or continuously on respective installations. In a batch compounding tanks or mixers for compounding with a capacity of 1 to 20 m3 is typically heated and equipped with a stirrer. The number of components is determined by weight, volume or metered via a metering pump. Optimum mixing is achieved with a propeller agitator as slowly rotating paddle mixers do not provide the required intensity of mixing. When using a circulating pump, its power should be sufficient for the multiple circulation total volume of oil at several revolutions per hour. The old method of mixing air fed into the compounding tank and economically justified in those cases when there is no danger of mixing temperatures the oxidation of oil components. In this case it is expedient to feed air into the tank is not of central nervous system, and its own supply tank blower. Otherwise, there may be complications because condensed water or oil mist entrained by compressed air
In-line mixing - continuous compounding is the only economically viable way of compounding large amounts of commercial oils. In this process, all the components of base oils and additives are metered into the main stream, in the so-called mixing line. The system is applied to Cornell two or more synchronously operating dosing pump volumetric efficiency which can be accurately adjusted independently. For trouble-free operation requires free access blending components to the metering pump. In proportional systems used separate feeders for each component. Rotation dispensers associated with bevel gear connected to the planetary gears. The required dosing rate is achieved when the planetary gears and the reference controlled dosing of components rotate at the same speed. Any deviation from the specified ratio leads to uneven motion of the driven gears, thereby changing the position of the planetary gear and hence the rate of feed components vary. The advantage of this system lies in the fact that in case of deviations from the desired composition of the whole apparatus is automatically turned off.
Installing compounding company «Siemens and Halske» is based on the same principle. Planetary gear replaced by a threaded nut, which changes the momentum of the air supply by adjusting the supply of components.
Currently, the number of individual components is measured and controlled by electronic devices. Many plants operated by oil compounding fully automated. The first such installation ("Blendomat") was applied in 1962 for motor gasoline blending using two basic components and the three additives. The number of components may vary.
High requirements for the performance characteristics of lubricating oils, partially achieved the selection of raw materials and related cleaning raw oil fractions. Introduction to the oil during the compounding additives to achieve the required performance properties of lubricants.
The effectiveness of additives in oils of various origin greatly depends on the optimal concentration and composition in the case (package) additive - as the optimal combination of ingredients.
To obtain a balanced composition of motor oils meet the complex requirements of a mixture of oils mixed with antioxidant, detergent-dispersant, anti-extreme pressure, depressant, viscosity and foaming additives. It is also possible to use in the production of multifunctional additive package including all of the above properties.
Manufacture of oil > Base oils > Aircraft oils > Engine oils
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