DCO

IT604 | 

 Why  DCO?

According to "ACM-2013 report" this is system fundamental knowledge area, which is essential for the following:

Course Objective

In selecting a system to use, students should be able to understand the tradeoff among various components, such as CPU clock speed, cycles per instruction, memory size, and average memory access time.Students must be capable to develop programs that can achieve high performance through a programmer’s awareness of parallelism and latency.

DCO  - Test-1


DCO Assignment

1.      With  the  help  of  diagram  explain  the  different  functional  units  of  a  Computer?

2.      What  are  the  main  four  components  of  any  general  purpose  computer? Describe briefly.

3.      Describe in brief the different generations of computer. Describe the characteristics of various generations of computer?

4.      Explain the use of following registers: PC, MAR, IR, MDR, SP

5.      What   are   the   different   performance   measures   used   to   represent   a   computer system’s performance?

6.      Explain   Big-endian   and   Little-endian   byte-addresses   assignment   with   example.

7.      Define and draw the logic diagram of n-bit ripple-carry adder.

8.      Explain the process called subroutine nesting?

9.      Represent (-23) in :

(i)Sign-and-magnitude representation

(ii)1’s complement representation 

(iii) 2’s complement representation

10.  Briefly discuss IEEE Standard Floating-point representation? Create the 32-bit single-precision IEEE standard representation of the decimal number –(0.625).

11.  Draw  a  flow  chart  to  explain  how  addition  and  subtraction  of  two  fixed  point numbers can be done. Give an example to explain it.

12.  What are differences among positive overflow, exponent overflow and significant overflow?  Explain using suitable example.

13.  Multiply the following pairs of signed 2’s-complement numbers using:(i)Booth algorithm(ii)Bit-pairing of the multiplier A  =  010111  and  B  =  110110.  Assume  A  is  the  multiplicand  and  B  is  the  multiplier.  

14.   Discuss   any   two   IEEE   standard   floating   point   formats.   Explain   Add/Subtract   and multiply rules on floating point numbers.

15.  Perform  signed  multiplication  of  -3  and  7  using  booth  multiplication  algorithm. Represent the numbers in 5 bits including sign bit. Give booth multiplier recording table that is used in the multiplication.

16.  What  are  the  commonly  flags  used  by  the  processor  to  keep  track  the information about the results of various operations? 

17.  Write   and   explain   non-restoring   division   algorithm   using   a   suitable   example.

18.  Explain tow techniques for speeding up the multiplication operation.

19.  Explain  the  need  of  memory  hierarchy  with  the  help  of  a  block  diagram?  What  is  the  reason  for  not  having  one  large  memory  unit  for storing all information at one place?

20.  Explain briefly SRAM and DRAM. Mention the differences between these.

21.  Why  RAM  traditionally  have  been  organized  as  only  one  bit  per  chip  where as ROM are organized with multiple chips per bit? 

22.  Give  the  organization  of  a  2M  X  32  memory  module  using  512K  X  8  memory chips.  Explain the organization.

23.  How many 128 × 8 RAM chips are needed to provide a memory capacity of 2048 bytes?

24.  How many lines of the address bus must be used to access 2048 bytes of memory? How many of these lines will be common to all chips?

25.  How many lines must be decoded for chip select? Specify the size of the decoder?

26.  A digital computer has a memory unit of 64K × 16 and a cache memory of 1K words. The cache uses direct mapping with a block size of four words.(i) How many bits are there in the tag, index, block and words fields of the address format?(ii)  How  many  bits  are  there  in  each  word  of  cache,  and  how  are  they  divided into functions? Include a valid bit.(iii) How many blocks can the cache accommodate?

27.  What do you mean by Memory – interleaving?

28.  The  memory  unit  of  a  computer  has  256K  words  of  32  bits  each.  The  computer  has  an  instruction  format  with  four  fields:  an  operation  code  field,  a  mode  field  to  specify  one  of  the  seven  addressing  modes,  a  register  address  field  to  specify  one  of  60  processor  registers,  and  a  memory  address.  Specify the instruction format and number of bits in  each field if the instruction is in one word memory.

29.  Consider  a  memory  consisting  of  64K  words  of  8  bits  each.  Give the organization to implement this memory using 16K X 1 static memory chips.

30.  A certain magnetic disk has the following specification:•Number of recording = 10•Number of tracks/surface = 256 •Number of sectors/track = 32 •Number of bytes/sector = 128•Disk rotation speed = 2400 rpm Calculate the following:(i) Disk capacity [formula: Disk  capacity  =  Number  of  surfaces  ×  Number  of  tracks  in  each  surface × Number of  sectors in a track × Number of bytes in a sector. ] (ii)Transfer Rate (iii) Latency Time

31.  Why page-table is required in a virtual memory system.  Explain different ways of organizing a page table. 

32.  Write short notes on DVD Technology? 

33.  Explain the purpose of Disk controller?

34.  Design  a  half  adder  as  a  2  level  AND  OR  circuit?  Implement full adder circuit using two half adders

35.  What are the different kinds of  I/O  communication  techniques?  Compare and contrast.  In the above techniques, which is the most efficient?  Justify your answer.

36.  What  is  the  disadvantage  of  transferring  data  through  strobe  control  method? How handshaking overcomes this disadvantage? Explain.

37.  Bring out the four key differences between subroutine and interrupt service routine.

38.  Define   addressing   mode. With   the   help   of   example   explain   different   addressing.

39.  A two word instruction is stored in memory at an address designated by symbol W.The  address  field  of  the  instruction  (stored  at  W +  1)  is  designated  by  the  symbol  Y.  The  operand  used  during  the  execution  of  the  instruction  is  stored  at  an  address  symbolized  by  Z.  An  index  register  contains the  value X.  State  how  Z is  calculated  from  the  other  addresses  if  the addressing mode of the instruction is(i)Direct(ii)Indirect(iii) Relative(iv) Indexed

40.  Explain the following addressing modes with examples:

(i)Immediate mode

(ii)Relative mode

(iii)Auto increment

41.  Explain   stack   organization   used   in   processors.   Differentiate   between   a   register stack and a memory stack.

42.  Consider the following instruction ← [A] + [B]. Explain the two-phase execution procedure of the statement?

43.  Write the actions required to execute the instructions Move (R1), R2?

44.  Consider the statement ADD (R2), R1.(i) Write the steps required for execution of above instruction?(ii)  Write  the  sequence  of  control  steps  required  to  perform  the  execution of      above instruction for single bus architecture?

45.  Consider the following instructions: Add   (R3), R1. What sequence of elementary operations is required to execute this instruction? Explain.

46.  What do you mean by Bus Arbitration?    Discuss two approaches to bus arbitration: Centralized and Distributed.

47.  Briefly  describe  the  Peripheral  Component  Interconnect  (PCI)  Bus  Standards?

48.  Explain  in  brief  with  the  help  of  a  diagram  the  working of  daisy  chain. Briefly  describe  the  Peripheral  Component  Interconnect  (PCI)  Bus  Standards? Considering with multiple priority levels and multiple devices in each level.

49.  What are the main advantages of using Input / Output interface? Why interfacing is used in digital computers?

50.  Summarize  the  sequence  of  events  involved  in  handling  an  interrupt  request  from a single device.

51.  Define and explain the following (1)Interrupt(2)Vectored Interrupt(3)Interrupt nesting(4)An exception and its two examples.

52.  Define exception? Explain the different kinds of exceptions.

53.  With the help of figure, explain multiple-bus organization?

54.  Explain time-shared common bus organization.

55.  What is I/O interface and port?  Write functions of an I/O interface.

56.  Draw the block diagram of universal bus (USB) structure connected to the host computer.  Briefly explain all fields of packets that are used for communication between a host and a device connected to an USB port.

57.  Draw and explain USB packet formats and frames.          

58.  Explain how USB support Isochronous data?

59.  Describe the main phases involved in the operation of the SCSI bus.

60.  Differentiate   between   Hard-wired   controlled   and   Micro programmed   controlled micro-instructions.

61.  Hard-wired control unit is faster than micro programmed control unit.  Justify this statement.

62.  Explain    the    variety    of    techniques    available    for    sequencing    of    micro instructions  based  on  the  format  of  the  address  information  in  the  micro-instruction.

63.  Compare and contrast between horizontal and vertical approach  of micro-instruction? 

64.  With the help of block diagram, describe the complete processor?

Reference

DCO Syllabus- Hint- Material- Sample Ans - Test2