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Background or reference information on the places listed here may be be found in the open-access sources listed below or in one or more of the resources listed in the bibliography.
Stillwell et al (eds), Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
Many of the places can also be found on Google Maps and other mapping platforms via the Pleiades Project, along with further details.
Persia (Περσική) The region of Asia, that subsequently extended its control as an empire.
Citations:
Antigonus 15b
Par. Flor. 5
Pillars of Heracles (Ἡράκλεια στῆλαι) The Straits of Gibraltar.
Citations: MA 73
Links: Smith [s.v. Herculis Columnae] - Map
Pinarus (Πίναρος) A river in Cilicia, most probably to be identified with the modern Payas.
Citations: Apollonius 43
Psychros (Ψυχρός) A river in Chalcidice.
Citations: Antigonus 78.1