adversetransfusionreaction

ADVERSE REACTIONS TO BLOOD TRANSFUSION:

• • Any adverse reaction that occurs during the administration of blood and blood component must be considered as transfusion reaction unless proved otherwise.

  • Transfusion reactions occur in 7% to 10% of all recipient of blood or blood components.

  • Fortunately, majority of them are minor reactions.

  • 10% of these reactions are hemolytic and 90% of these are nonhemolytic reactions.

  • Incidence of ABO mismatch blood being infused is 1 : 30,000 blood bag.

• 1 out of 10 ABO mismatch transfusion is fatal .

Transfusion reactions may be divided as follows :

ACUTE (<24 hrs):

Delayed adverse reactions to Transfusion (<24 hrs) :

FEBRILE NON HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTION: (FNHTR).

ALLERGIC URTICARIAL REACTION:

ACUTE IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTION:

(AIHTR):

"Any febrile reaction is treated as AIHTR unless proven otherwise."

TREATMENT AND WORK UP OF AIHTR:

NON IMMUNE HEMOLYSIS: BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION:

TREATMENT AND WORKUP:

ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION:

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TRALI (TRANSFUSION RELATED ACUTE LUNG INJURY):

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TRANSFUSION ASSOCIATED GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE:

ANAPHYLACTOID REACTION TO ACE INHIBITION:

Reaction :

• • flushing and hypotension in patients on ACE inhibitors

Mechanism :

• • Prekallikrein present in blood and blood product is converted to vasoactive bradykinin whose metabolism is inhibited by ACE inhibitors resulting in hypotension.

Procedures associated :-

• • Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin replacement

  • Contact of plasma with dialysis membrane

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DELAYED HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTION:

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POST TRANSFUSION PURPURA::

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PLATELET REFRACTORINESS:

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