ULNL3

Back to Ultimate Large Numbers List Part II

ULTIMATE LARGE NUMBERS LIST

PART III

Cascading-E, Extended Cascading-E & Beyond

numbers of order type w^w to any number below infinity...

XIV. Dimensional Array Epoch

[ E100#^#100 , E100#^#^#100 )

Entries: 294

E100#^#100

E100### ... ###100 w/100 #s

godgahlah

                This number pushes the limit of xE#, and soon we will be beyond what we can practically expression even in xE#. However this is just the beginning of Cascading-E Notation. In Cascading-E we can write a godgahlahmore simply as E100#^#100. This number can be approximated in Array Notation as <10,100,99,99,...,99> w/99 99s. This makes it an array with 101 entries. On googology wiki this number is approximated as <100,101(1)2> which is <100,100,...,100> w/101 100s. 

 

E100,000#### ... ... ####100,000 w/100,000 #s

godgahlahgong

            Also can be written in cascading-E as E100,000#^#100,000.

{10, {10,10(1)2} (1)2}

iteralplex

The plex version of an iteral. This is one of the 120 original named numbers by Jonathan Bowers.

E100#^#100#2

E100######## ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ########100 

w/godgahlah #s

grand godgahlah

            Also can be written E100#^#100#2 = E100#^#(E100#^#100) = E100#^#godgahlah

E100,000######## ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ########100,000 w/godgahlahgong #s

grand godgahlahgong

            Alternatively, E100,000#^#100,000#2.

E100#grand godgahlah100

grand grand godgahlah

            This is E100#^#100#3 in Cascading-E. We can also called this number two-ex-grand godgahlah, although this doesn't really shorten the name.

E100,000#grand godgahlahgong100,000

grand grand godgahlahgong

                This is E100,000#^#100,000#3. This was the highest official entry with the original release of my Ultimate Large Numbers List. That being said someone out there probably suggested ...

1+E100,000#^#100,000#3

grand grand godgahlahgong and one

                In an earlier version of this list, this number was mentioned unofficially (non-entry) as an example of the first really large number on the way to infinity. Adding one to googolism's is a common knee-jerk response from non-googologist's. By mentioning such a number, non-googologist's imply that "there is no largest number" and therefore there is no point in trying to make one. By claiming that they have "named the largest number by adding one" they hope to lampoon the endeavor entirely.

                What they fail to realize is that googologist's are not trying to make the "largest number", but rather simply enjoy making extremely large numbers, and competing with fellow googologist's in this effort. Secondly, there is a big difference from adding one to someone else's googolism and building your own from the ground up. This is equivalent to "standing on the shoulders of giants" in the worst possible sense. There is generally a "gentlemen's agreement" in googology which says you should not make reference to the other person's number in your definition in an attempt to "trump" them, since any number can be trivially made larger by adding one to it (including some infinities I might add). The second rule is you don't get bragging rights if your number is constructable with methods already established by a competitor. In a sense, adding one contributes nothing to the discussion of large numbers. The idea isn't just to make the largest number, but also to keep devising new and better ways to generate large numbers. So it is a misconception that googologist's are only trying to find the largest number. Rather googologist's are always trying to find a larger number, and not just a slightly larger number, but a colossally mind-bogglingly crushing SUPER ULTRA MEGA NE PLUS ULTRA Larger Number ... and that just for a warm up... 

2+E100,000#^#100,000#3

grand grand godgahlahgong and two

 

            because for every googolism, there will be a +1er to add one to it. See (grand grand godgahlahgong and one). Moving on...

2E100,000#^#100,000#3

two grand grand godgahlahgong

            This is a step up from the +1ers, as we are now adding a grand grand godgahlahgong to a grand grand godgahlahgong. We can truncate this as two times a grand grand godgahlahgong. Since our ordinary number sense is logarithmic however, this isn't really an impressive improvement. If the grand grand godgahlahgong is represented by a solid packed sphere of fundamental particles, two grand grand godgahlahgong, would be like having two of these spheres. Does it really seem that much larger, no matter how large the original number was?

3E100,000#^#100,000#3

three grand grand godgahlahgong

            How about 3 times a grand grand godgahlahgong...

7E100,000#^#100,000#3

seven grand grand godgahlahgong

            How about 7 times a grand grand godgahlahgong...

(E100,000#^#100,000#3)^2

grand grand godgahlahgong squared

            This is the next stage in the naive non-googologist's attempt to extend a target googolism. Basically an attempt to pre-empt the impulse to say "two times your number" and jump to "your number times your number". Now you can imagine our sphere of particles compare to a grand grand godgahlahgong of such spheres!!! o_0;

            This will tend to get a visceral reaction, especially since we can't even imagine how big this number is. Despite that fact however, this is just squaring, so any grade school kid could come up with that. Furthermore try to remember that if we began by looking at a single fundamental particle and zoomed out until we reached a grand grand godgahlahgong particles, we'd only have to zoom out twice as long to reach a grand grand godgahlahgong squared. Given how mind-crushingly long the zoom out would be, the fact that it would take twice as long barely makes a difference. Hence, from a googological point of view there is virtually no difference between these numbers. Moving on...

(E100,000#^#100,000#3)^3

grand grand godgahlahgong cubed

            What's better than a square ... a cube...

(E100,000#^#100,000#3)^4

grand grand godgahlahgong to the fourth

            or a 4th power ...

(E100,000#^#100,000#3)^(E100,000#^#100,000#3)

grand grand godgahlahgong to the power of itself

            Next up along the hierarchy of naive responses is raising the number to its own power. Again, with numbers this large it has virtually no effect. That probably sounds mind boggling but just imagine N, then N^N, then (N^N)^(N^N), and continue in this manner for N steps, and call this number M. Someone comes along and says "I could trounce M, how about M^M". Are you really going to be impressed by their response? Ditto for googologist's who've gone much much further ...

(E100,000#^#100,000#3)^^(E100,000#^#100,000#3)

power tower of grand grand godgahlahgong's a grand grand godgahlah terms high

            This one is a classic. Even non-googologist's eventually realize that simply raising a number to the power of itself isn't really that competitive for certain large numbers, especially after they have at least been exposed toGraham's Number. So next they decide to create a power tower of this number, naively thinking this will trounce the competition. But for anything above Graham's Number this already has virtually no effect. If "N" is any googolism, you can bet someone out there will mention N^^N as a response. Rule 34 of googolism states: "If a googolism exists, there is a salad number for it, ... no exceptions". Moving on...

(E100,000#^#100,000#3)^^^^^ ... ^^^^^^(E100,000#^#100,000#3)

w/(E100,000#^#100,000#3) ^s

            Time to bring out the big guns. Our intrepid non-googologist has now gotten wind of Knuth-up arrow notation. They promptly take N and generate N^^^...^^^N w/N ^s. As any googologist worth his/her salt knows, no matter how amazingly powerful a "method" is in ordinary terms, it will always be obsolete moments later. The general rule of thumb is, never use a method that occurred earlier in the game to extend a number late in the game. It's effect will always be negligible relative to the current methods. Even the next entry is vastly larger despite making only a minute change...

E100,000#^#(1+E100,000#^#100,000#2)

            So the non-googologist actually realizes that they can't use any methods other than the most recently established one. Great. Now they attempt to apply that principle and ... miss the point. Since a grand grand godgahlahgong is E100,000####...####100,000 with a grand godgahlahgong #s, a naive response might be to have E100,000####...#####100,000 with a grand godgahlahgong +1 #s. This isn't much of an improvement over just adding one to the number! This response however is still mind-bogglingly better than the last attempt.

 To prove this just consider the following. Let n=grand godgahlahgong, and N=grand grand godgahlahgong.By definition N = E100,000#^(n)100,000. We first observe that:

E100,000#^(n+1)100,000 > E100,000#^(n+1)3 = E100,000#^(n)100,000#^(n)100,000 

> E100,000#^(n)100,000#100,000 > E100,000#^(n)100,000#2 

= E100,000#^(n)(E100,000#^(n)100,000) = E100,000#^(n)N

                Next we work from the other end. We can say that:

<N,N,N> < E(N)N##N < E100,000##(N+1) = E100,000##100,000#N <

E100,000###N < E100,000#^(n)N 

So we conclude...

<grand grand godgahlahgong,3(1)2> < E100,000#^(grand godgahlahgong+1)100,000

E100,000#^#100,000#4

grand grand grand godgahlahgong

            This is the obvious response to a grand grand godgahlahgong. This number is mind-bogglingly more massive. However, just like all the previous attempts to extend a grand grand godgahlahgong this is still too tame an extension, because it employs a method we have been using since the beginning: basic recursion. At this point, the recursion is so complex that applying one additional recursion doesn't make much of a difference from a googologist's point of view. Okay so how about...

E100,000#^#100,000#5

grand grand grand grand godgahlahgong

                Same problem as before. Still just basic recursion... how about ...

E100#^#100#100

grandgahlah

                This is the smallest new number defined with Cascading-E Notation. A grandgahlah may also be called a grand grand grand ... grand grand grand godgahlah where there are 99 grands. For this we can use the short hand name ninety-nine-ex-grand godgahlah. This still isn't a significant improvement from agodgahlah since we already introduced proto-hyperions a long time ago.

E100#^#100#101

hundred-ex-grand godgahlah

                Trivial, but it just sounds cool...

E100,000#^#100,000#11,863

            grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand 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grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand 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grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand grand godgahlahgong 

            Also known as eleven-thousand-eight-hundred-sixty-two-ex-grand godgahlahgong. Just kidding. This is a number based on the original trail of grands I had left at the end of my ULNL with it's initial release to suggest the next direction of development. Obviously, listing out the grands is inefficient. Still it's mind-boggling to think how all these "grand"s modify "godgahlahgong". Even so, this kind of stuff is easily trumped by the many numbers that follow as we begin to explore the consequences of Cascading-E notation... 

E100#^#100#(1+E100#^#100)

godgahlah-ex-grand godgahlah

            This response is far far better than any of the previous responses... but it's still a naive extension. Why? Because it still only requires a single extra proto-hyperion to achieve these results, and with two proto-hyperions we get even further.

E100#^#100#(1+E100#^#100#2)

grand-godgahlah-ex-grand godgahlah

E100#^#100#(1+E100#^#100#3)

grand-grand-godgahlah-ex-grand godgahlah

E100#^#100#(1+E100#^#100#4)

grand-grand-grand-godgahlah-ex-grand godgahlah

E100#^#100#(1+E100#^#100#5)

grand-grand-grand-grand-godgahlah-ex-grand godgahlah

E100#^#100#100#2

grand grandgahlah

                E100#^#100#100#2 = E100#^#100#(E100#^#100#100) = E100#^#100#(grandgahlah). The great grandgahlah is the grandgahlahth member of the godgahlah series.

E100#^#100#100#3

grand grand grandgahlah

E100#^#100#100#100

greagahlah

E100#^#100#100#100#2

grand greagahlah

E100#^#100#100#100#3

grand grand greagahlah

E100#^#100#100#100#100

gigangahlah

E100#^#100#100#100#100#2

grand gigangahlah

E100#^#100#100#100#100#100

gorgegahlah

E100#^#100#100#100#100#100#100

gulgahlah

E100#^#100#100#100#100#100#100#100

gaspgahlah

E100#^#100#100#100#100#100#100#100#100

ginorgahlah

E100#^#100##100

gugoldgahlah

E100#^#100##100#100

graatagoldgahlah

E100#^#100##100#100#100

greegoldgahlah

E100#^#100##100#100#100#100

grinningoldgahlah

E100#^#100##100#100#100#100#100

golaagoldgahlah

E100#^#100##100#100#100#100#100#100

gruelohgoldgahlah

E100#^#100##100#100#100#100#100#100#100

gaspgoldgahlah

E100#^#100##100#100#100#100#100#100#100#100

ginorgoldgahlah

E100#^#100##100##100

gugolthragahlah

E100#^#100##100##100##100

gugolteslagahlah

E100#^#100##100##100##100##100

gugolpetagahlah

E100#^#100##100##100##100##100##100

gugolhexagahlah

E100#^#100##100##100##100##100##100##100

gugolheptagahlah

E100#^#100##100##100##100##100##100##100##100

gugoloctagahlah

E100#^#100###100

throogahlah

E100#^#100####100

teroogahlah

E100#^#100#####100

petoogahlah

E100#^#100######100

ectoogahlah

E100#^#100#######100

zettoogahlah

E100#^#100########100

yottoogahlah

E100#^#100#^#100

gotrigahlah / tristo-godgahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#2

grand gotrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#3

grand grand gotrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#100

grantrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#100#2

great grantrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#100#100

greatrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#100#100#100

gigantrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100##5

gorgetrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100##6

gultrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100##7

gasptrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100##8

ginortrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100##100

gugoldtrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100###100

throotrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100####100

terootrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#####100

petootrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100######100

ectootrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#######100

zettootrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100########100

yottootrigahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100

gotergahlah / teristo-godgahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#2

grand gotergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#100

grantergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#100#2

grand grantergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#100#100

greatergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#100#100#100

gigantergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100##5

gorgetergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100##6

gultergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100##7

gasptergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100##8

ginortergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100###100

throotergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100####100

terootergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#####100

petootergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100######100

ectootergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#######100

zettootergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100########100

yottootergahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100

gopeggahlah / pesto-godgahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100

gohexgahlah / existo-godgahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100

gohepgahlah / episto-godgahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100

go-ahtgahlah / ogisto-godgahlah

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100

go-enngahlah / ennisto-godgahlah

{10,10(1)10}

emperal

The emperal was one of the original 120 named numbers by Jonathan Bowers. It falls slightly below a godekahlah. An emperal may be expanded to: 

{10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10(1)9}

<10,100(1)10>

This is a proposed lowerbound for godekahlah in BEAF. If this bound is true, then it is trivially larger than an emperal. This number expands to <10,10,...,10(1)9> w/100 10s.

E100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100#^#100

godekahlah / dekisto-godgahlah

E100#^#*#100

godgoldgahlah

A godgoldgahlah is approximately equal to <10,100(1)100>.

{10,10 (1) {10,10 (1) 10}}

emperalplex

The plex version of an emperal. This would be approximately E100#^#*#emperal in Cascading-E Notation. Since an emperal is itself approximately E100#^#*#10 this means this number can be approximated as E100#^#*#10#2. Clearly this is smaller than 100#^#*#100#2, which is vanishingly small compare to the next entry ...

E100#^#*#100#^#*#100

gotrigoldgahlah / tristo-godgoldgahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,2> 

E100#^#*#100#^#*#100#^#*#100

gotergoldgahlah / teristo-godgoldgahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,3>

E100#^#*##5

gopeggoldgahlah / pesto-godgoldgahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,4>

E100#^#*##6

gohexgoldgahlah / existo-godgoldgahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,5>

E100#^#*##7

gohepgoldgahlah / episto-godgoldgahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,6>

E100#^#*##8

go-ahtgoldgahlah / ogisto-godgoldgahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,7>

E100#^#*##9

godenngoldgahlah / ennisto-godgoldgahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,8>

E100#^#*##10

godekagoldgahlah / dekisto-godgoldgahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,9>

{10,10(1)10,10}

hyperal

One of the original Bowerisms. It is believed to fall between E100#^#*##10 and E100#^#*##11.

E100#^#*##100

godthroogahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,99>

{ 10 , 10 (1) 10 , { 10 , 10 (1) 10 , 10 } }

hyperalplex

This is bigger than a godthroogahlah but less than a grand godthroogahlah.

E100#^#*###100

godteroogahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,99,99>

E100#^#*####100

godpetoogahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,99,99,99>

E100#^#*#####100

go-ectoogahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,99,99,99,99>

E100#^#*######100

godzettoogahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,99,99,99,99>

E100#^#*#######100

godyottoogahlah

Approximately equal <10,100(1)100,99,99,99,99,99>

E100#^#*#^#100

deutero-godgahlah

This is the first number to introduce the "deutero" operator. This duplicates the hypernion, leading to two copies multiplied together. This is believed to be approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)2>. That is a two-row array equal to <10,10,...,10(1)10,10,...,10> w/100 10s per row. This makes this number much much larger than a hyperal. This number is still much much smaller than a dutridecal.

E100#^#*#^#*#100

deutero-godgoldgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)100>

E100#^#*#^#*##100

deutero-godthroogahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)100,99>

{3,3,3(1)3,3,3(1)3,3,3}

dutritri

One of Bowers' originals.

{10,10,10(1)10,10,10(1)10,10,10}

dutridecal

One of Bowers' originals. 

E100#^#*#^#*###100

deutero-godteroogahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)100,99,99>

E100#^#*#^#*####100

deutero-godpetoogahlah

E100#^#*#^#*#####100

deutero-go-ectoogahlah

E100#^#*#^#*######100

deutero-gozettoogahlah

E100#^#*#^#*#######100

deutero-goyottoogahlah

E100#^#*#^#*#^#100

trito-godgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)(1)2>. Thats <100&10 (1) 100&10 (1) 100&10 > or three rows of a hundred 10s. This number exceeds a dutridecal.

E100#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#100

teterto-godgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)(1)(1)2>

E100#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#100

pepto-godgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)2>

E100#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#100

exto-godgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)2>

E100#^##7

epto-godgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)2>

E100#^##8

ogdo-godgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)2>

E100#^##9

ento-godgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)2>

{10,10(2)2}

xappol

One of Bowers original 120 googolisms. This is a 10x10 & 10s. It is believed to be slightly smaller than a dekato-godgahlah, which is believed to be larger since it is predicted to have 100 entry rows instead of 10 entry rows. It would be a 10x100 & 10s approximately.

E100#^##10

dekato-godgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)2>

E100#^##20

isosto-godgahlah

E100#^##100

gridgahlah / hecato-godgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)2>. This approximation is a 100 x 100 & 10s. This makes it larger than a xappol.

{10,xappol(2)2}

xappolplex

A xappol x xappol & 10s. This would be approximately equal to E100#^##xappol, making it larger than a gridgahlah but much much smaller than a gridtrigahlah.

E100#^##100#^##100

gridtrigahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)3>

E100#^##100#^##100#^##100

gridtergahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)4>

E100#^##*#5

gridpeggahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)5>

E100#^##*#6

gridhexgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)6>

E100#^##*#7

gridhepgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)7>

E100#^##*#8

grid-ahtgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)8>

E100#^##*#9

grid-enngahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)9>

E100#^##*#10

grid-dekgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)10>

E100#^##*#^##100

deutero-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)(2)2>. Approximately equal to 2 planes of 100x100 10s in array notation.

{3,3(3)2}

dimentri

This expands to {3,3(2)(2)(2)2} which becomes 3 planes. This is much much larger than the two planes of deutero-gridgahlah but it's much smaller than the 3 planes of a trito-gridgahlah.

E100#^##*#^##*#^##100

trito-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)(2)(2)2>

E100#^##*#^##*#^##*#^##100

teterto-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)(2)(2)(2)2>

E100#^###5

pepto-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)2>

E100#^###6

exto-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)2>

E100#^###7

epto-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)2>

E100#^###8

ogdo-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)2>

E100#^###9

ento-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)2>

{10,10(3)2} = 10^3 & 10s

colossal

A colossal is a 3-dimensional array of 10s of edge length 10. It has 10^3 or 1000 entries. That's a lot, though that is manageable and could be theoretically written out in full ... though it would be pretty tedious. This is just slightly smaller than dekato-gridgahlah which has 10 planes, but they are of size 100x100 instead of 10x10.

E100#^###10

dekato-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)2>

E100#^###20

isosto-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(2)...(2)2> w/20 (2)s

E100#^###100

kubikahlah / hecato-gridgahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(3)2>. This would be a 100 x 100 x 100 & 10s. This would be much much larger than a dimentri, since a dimentri only has 3 planes, whereas this has 100.

{10,colossal(3)2} = colossal^3 & 10s

colossalplex

A 3-dimensional cube of edge length colossal all of 10s. This would fall below E100#^###100#2, which would be approximately a 3-dimensional cube of edge length kubikahlah all of 10s.

E100#^###100#^###100

kubitrigahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(3)3>

E100#^###100#^###100#^###100

kubitergahlah

E100#^###*#5

kubipeggahlah

E100#^###*#6

kubihexgahlah

E100#^###*#7

kubihepgahlah

E100#^###*#8

kubi-ahtgahlah

E100#^###*#9

kubi-enngahlah

E100#^###*#10

kubi-dekahlah

E100#^###*#^###100

deutero-kubikahlah

E100#^###*#^###*#^###100

trito-kubikahlah

E100#^###*#^###*#^###*#^###100

teterto-kubikahlah

E100#^####5

pepto-kubikahlah

E100#^####6

exto-kubikahlah

E100#^####7

epto-kubikahlah

E100#^####8

ogdo-kubikahlah

E100#^####9

ento-kubikahlah

E100#^####10

dekato-kubikahlah

E100#^####20

isosto-kubikahlah

E100#^####100

quarticahlah / hecato-kubikahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(4)2>

E100#^####100#^####100

quartitrigahlah

E100#^####100#^####100#^####100

quartitergahlah

E100#^####*#5

quartipeggahlah

E100#^####*#6

quartihexgahlah

E100#^####*#7

quartihepgahlah

E100#^####*#8

quarti-ahtgahlah

E100#^####*#9

quarti-enngahlah

E100#^####*#10

quarti-dekahlah

E100#^####*#^####100

deutero-quarticahlah

E100#^####*#^####*#^####100

trito-quarticahlah

E100#^####*#^####*#^####*#^####100

teterto-quarticahlah

E100#^#####5

pepto-quarticahlah

E100#^#####6

exto-quarticahlah

E100#^#####7

epto-quarticahlah

E100#^#####8

ogdo-quarticahlah

E100#^#####9

ento-quarticahlah

E100#^#####10

dekato-quarticahlah

E100#^#####20

isosto-quarticahlah

E100#^#####100

quinticahlah / hecato-quarticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(5)2>

E100#^#####100#^#####100

quintitrigahlah

E100#^#####100#^#####100#^#####100

quintitergahlah

E100#^#####*#5

quintipeggahlah

E100#^#####*#6

quintihexgahlah

E100#^#####*#7

quintihepgahlah

E100#^#####*#8

quinti-ahtgahlah

E100#^#####*#9

quinti-enngahlah

E100#^#####*#10

quinti-dekahlah

E100#^#####*#^#####100

deutero-quinticahlah

E100#^#####*#^#####*#^#####100

trito-quinticahlah

E100#^#####*#^#####*#^#####*#^#####100

teterto-quinticahlah

E100#^######5

pepto-quinticahlah

E100#^######6

exto-quinticahlah

E100#^######7

epto-quinticahlah

E100#^######8

ogdo-quinticahlah

E100#^######9

ento-quinticahlah

E100#^######10

dekato-quinticahlah

E100#^######100

sexticahlah / hecato-quinticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(6)2>

E100#^######100#^######100

sextitrigahlah

E100#^######100#^######100#^######100

sextitergahlah

E100#^######*#5

sextipeggahlah

E100#^######*#6

sextihexgahlah

E100#^######*#7

sextihepgahlah

E100#^######*#8

sexti-ahtgahlah

E100#^######*#9

sexti-enngahlah

E100#^######*#10

sexti-dekahlah

E100#^######*#^######100

deutero-sexticahlah

E100#^######*#^######*#^######100

trito-sexticahlah

E100#^######*#^######*#^######*#^######100

teterto-sexticahlah

E100#^#######5

pepto-sexticahlah

E100#^#######6

exto-sexticahlah

E100#^#######7

epto-sexticahlah

E100#^#######8

ogdo-sexticahlah

E100#^#######9

ento-sexticahlah

E100#^#######10

dekato-sexticahlah

E100#^#######100

septicahlah / hecato-sexticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(7)2>

E100#^#######100#^#######100

septitrigahlah

E100#^#######100#^#######100#^#######100

septitergahlah

E100#^#######*#5

septipeggahlah

E100#^#######*#6

septihexgahlah

E100#^#######*#7

septihepgahlah

E100#^#######*#8

septi-ahtgahlah

E100#^#######*#9

septi-enngahlah

E100#^#######*#10

septi-dekahlah

E100#^#######*#^#######100

deutero-septicahlah

E100#^#######*#^#######*#^#######100

trito-septicahlah

E100#^#######*#^#######*#^#######*#^#######100

teterto-septicahlah

E100#^########5

pepto-septicahlah

E100#^########6

exto-septicahlah

E100#^########7

epto-septicahlah

E100#^########8

ogdo-septicahlah

E100#^########9

ento-septicahlah

E100#^########10

dekato-septicahlah

E100#^########100

octicahlah / hecato-septicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(8)2>

E100#^########100#^########100

octitrigahlah

E100#^########100#^########100#^########100

octitergahlah

E100#^########*#5

octipeggahlah

E100#^########*#6

octihexgahlah

E100#^########*#7

octihepgahlah

E100#^########*#8

octi-ahtgahlah

E100#^########*#9

octi-enngahlah

E100#^########*#10

octi-dekgahlah

E100#^########*#^########100

deutero-octicahlah

E100#^########*#^########*#^########100

trito-octicahlah

E100#^########*#^########*#^########*#^########100

teterto-octicahlah

E100#^#########5

pepto-octicahlah

E100#^#########6

exto-octicahlah

E100#^#########7

epto-octicahlah

E100#^#########8

ogdo-octicahlah

E100#^#########9

ento-octicahlah

E100#^#########10

dekato-octicahlah

E100#^#########100

nonicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(9)2>

{10,10(10)2} = 10^10 & 10s

dimendecal

This forms a 10-dimensional cube of edge length 10 all of 10s. It's a little smaller than a decicahlah, since a decicahlah is more like a 10-dimensional cube of edge length 100 all of 10s. A dimendecal has 10,000,000,000 entries!

E100#^##########100

decicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(10)2>

E100#^#^#11

undecicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(11)2>

E100#^#^#12

duodecicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(12)2>

E100#^#^#13

tredecicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(13)2>

E100#^#^#14

quattuordecicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(14)2>

E100#^#^#15

quindecicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(15)2>

E100#^#^#16

sexdecicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(16)2>

E100#^#^#17

septendecicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(17)2>

E100#^#^#18

octodecicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(18)2>

E100#^#^#19

novemdecicahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(19)2>

E100#^#^#20

viginticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(20)2>

E100#^#^#30

triginticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(30)2>

E100#^#^#40

quadraginticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(40)2>

E100#^#^#50

quinquaginticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(50)2>

E100#^#^#60

sexaginticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(60)2>

E100#^#^#70

septuaginticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(70)2>

E100#^#^#80

octoginticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(80)2>

E100#^#^#90

nonaginticahlah

Approximately equal to <10,100(90)2>

{10,10(100)2}

gongulus

One of Bowers' most famous googolisms ... the gongulus. In a way, this combines Jonathan Bowers fascination with large numbers with his fascination of higher dimensions. This is a 100-dimensional cube of entries, of edge length 10 all of 10s. There would literally be a googol (10^100) entries in this expression. This means we would not be able to write it out in full. This number is only slightly smaller than a godgather, which brings us to ...

XV. Super Dimensional Array Epoch

[ E100#^#^#100 , E100#^#^#^#100 )

Entries: 82

E100#^#^#100

godgathor

            A godgathor is comparable to Jonathan Bowers' gongulus. It's comparable to a 100-dimensional array. Evaluating godgathor we obtain:

E100#^#^#100 = E100#^#####...#####100 w/100 #s in a row

A godgathor should be greater than <10,100(100)2> which is larger than <10,10(100)2>. Thus a godgathor should be slightly larger than a gongulus. <10,100(100)2> is also equivalent to <10,100(0,1)2>

E100#^#101100

goober bunch

{10,10(gongulus)2}

gongulusplex

Now here is a cool number. It's a gongulus-dimensional cube of edge length 10 all of 10s. It would have a 10^gongulus entries, a gongulus-plexed entries if you will :p

This passes up the godgathor of course, but it's smaller than ...

E100#^#^#100#2

grand godgathor

E100#^#(1+E100#^#^(101)100)(E100#^#101100)

gibbering goober bunch

E100#^#^#100#3

grand grand godgathor

E100#^#^#100#^#^#100

gotrigathor

E100#^#^#100#^#^#100#^#^#100

gotergathor

E100#^#^#*#5

gopeggathor

E100#^#^#*#6

gohexgathor

E100#^#^#*#7

gohepgathor

E100#^#^#*#8

go-ahtgathor

E100#^#^#*#9

go-enngathor

E100#^#^#*#10

godekgathor

E100#^#^#*#^#^#100

deutero-godgathor

E100#^#^#*#^#^#*#^#^#100

trito-godgathor

E100#^#^#*#^#^#*#^#^#*#^#^#100

teterto-godgathor

E100#^(#^#*#)5

pepto-godgathor

E100#^(#^#*#)6

exto-godgathor

E100#^(#^#*#)7

epto-godgathor

E100#^(#^#*#)8

ogdo-godgathor

E100#^(#^#*#)9

ento-godgathor

E100#^(#^#*#)10

dekato-godgathor

E100#^(#^#*#)20

isosto-godgathor

E100#^(#^#*#)100

hecato-godgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(1,1)2>

E100#^(#^#*##)100

godgridgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(2,1)2>. A 2-D array of 100-D arrays. More precisely it's a 100^2 array of 100^100 arrays.

{3,3(0,2)2}

dulatri

One of the original 120 named numbers by Jonathan Bowers. The notation {3,3(0,2)2} is modern and didn't exist back in 2002 when Bowers' first introduced this number. Originally it Bowers' defined it as a "(3^3)^2 array of 3's". Imagine a 3^3 array of 3^3 arrays. This can be seen by expanding the expression to the following:

{ 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (1,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (1,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (2,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (1,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (1,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (2,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (1,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (1,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 (0,1) 3^3&3 }

The "separators" here, are not themselves denoting additional "dimensions", at least not in the usual sense. Instead (0,1) separates any dimensional spaces. So the number of dimensions between (0,1) are not limited to 3, but any finite dimensional space. With that in mind, we can have "rows of dimensions" and "planes of dimensions" and so on. This can be thought of as going beyond infinite dimensional space, and continuing to (w+1)-dimensional space, (w+2)-dimensional space, and so on.

E100#^(#^#*###)100

godkubikgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(3,1)2>. A 3-D array of 100-D arrays. More precisely it's a 100^3 array of 100^100 arrays.

E100#^(#^#*####)100

godquarticgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(4,1)2>. A 4-D array of 100-D arrays.

E100#^(#^#*#####)100

godquinticgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(5,1)2>. A 5-D array of 100-D arrays.

E100#^(#^#*######)100

godsexticgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(6,1)2>. A 6-D array of 100-D arrays.

E100#^(#^#*#######)100

godsepticgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(7,1)2>. A 7-D array of 100-D arrays.

E100#^(#^#*########)100

godocticgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(8,1)2>. A 8-D array of 100-D arrays.

E100#^(#^#*#########)100

godnonicgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(9,1)2>. A 9-D array of 100-D arrays.

E100#^(#^#*##########)100

goddecicgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(10,1)2>. A 10-D array of 100-D arrays.

E100#^(#^#*#^#)100

godgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,2)2> = <10,100(100,1)2>. This would be much larger than a dulatri even though this is also a dimension array of dimension arrays. However in this case it's a 100-dimensional array of 100-dimensional arrays.

E100#^(#^#*#^#*#)100

hecato-godgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(1,2)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*##)100

godgridgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(2,2)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*###)100

godkubikgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(3,2)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*####)100

godquarticgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(4,2)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*#####)100

godquinticgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(5,2)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*######)100

godsexticgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(6,2)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*#######)100

godsepticgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(7,2)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*########)100

godocticgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(8,2)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*#########)100

godnonicgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(9,2)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*##########)100

goddecicgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(10,2)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*#^#)100

godgathortruce

Approximately equal to <10,100(100,2)2> = <10,100(0,3)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#)100

godgathorquad

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,4)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#)100

godgathorquid

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,5)2>

E100#^(#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#*#^#)100

godgathorsid

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,6)2>

E100#^#^##7

godgathorseptuce

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,7)2>

E100#^#^##8

godgathoroctuce

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,8)2>

E100#^#^##100

gralgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,1)2>

E100#^#^##100#^#^##100

graltrigathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,1)3>

E100#^#^##100#^#^##100#^#^##100

graltergathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,1)4>

E100#^#^##*#^#^##100

deutero-gralgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,1)(0,0,1)2>

E100#^#^##*#^#^##*#^#^##100

trito-gralgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,1)(0,0,1)(0,0,1)2>

E100#^#^##*#^#^##*#^#^##*#^#^##100

teterto-gralgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,1)(0,0,1)(0,0,1)(0,0,1)2>

E100#^(#^##*#^##)100

gralgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,2)2>

{3,3(0,0,0,1)2}

trimentri

One of Bowers' original 120 named numbers. This array is also equivalent to {3,3(0,0,3)2}, which is clearly smaller than a gralgathortruce but larger than gralgathordeus.

E100#^(#^##*#^##*#^##)100

gralgathortruce

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,3)2>

E100#^(#^##*#^##*#^##*#^##)100

gralgathorquad

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,4)2>

E100#^#^###5

gralgathorquid

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,5)2>

E100#^#^###6

gralgathorsid

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,6)2>

E100#^#^###7

gralgathorseptuce

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,7)2>

E100#^#^###8

gralgathoroctuce

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,8)2>

E100#^#^###100

thraelgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,1)2>

E100#^#^###100#^#^###100

thraeltrigathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,1)3>

E100#^#^###*#^#^###100

deutero-thraelgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,1)(0,0,0,1)2>

E100#^#^###*#^#^###*#^#^###100

trito-thraelgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,1)(0,0,0,1)(0,0,0,1)2>

E100#^(#^###*#^###)100

thraelgathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,2)2>

E100#^(#^###*#^###*#^###)100

thraelgathortruce

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,3)2>

E100#^#^####100

terinngathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,100)2> = <10,100(0,0,0,0,1)2>

E100#^#^####100#^#^####100

terinntrigathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,0,1)3>

E100#^#^####*#^#^####100

deutero-terinngathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,0,1)(0,0,0,0,1)2>

E100#^#^####*#^#^####*#^#^####100

trito-terinngathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,0,1)(0,0,0,0,1)(0,0,0,0,1)2>

E100#^(#^####*#^####)100

terinngathordeus

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,0,2)2>

E100#^(#^####*#^####*#^####)100

terinngathortruce

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,0,3)2>

E100#^#^#####100

pehaelgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,0,100)2> = <10,100(0,0,0,0,0,1)2> 

E100#^#^######100

hexaelgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,0,0,100)2> = <10,100(0,0,0,0,0,0,1)2>

E100#^#^#######100

heptaelgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,0,0,0,100)2> = <10,100(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1)2>

E100#^#^########100

octaelgathor

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,100)2> = <10,100(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1)2>

XVI. Ordinal-Tetration Epoch

[ E100#^^#4 , E100#^^#100 )

Entries: 48

E100#^#^#^#100

godtothol

Approximately equal to <10,100(0,0,...,0,0,1)2> w/100 0s. This can also be simplified to <10,100(0(1)1)2>. At this point we have reached X^X^X arrays.

E100#^#^#^##100

graltothol

E100#^#^#^###100

thraeltothol

E100#^#^#^####100

terinntothol

E100#^#^#^#####100

pehaeltothol

E100#^#^#^######100

hexaeltothol

E100#^#^#^#######100

heptaeltothol

E100#^#^#^########100

octaeltothol

E100#^#^#^#^#100

godtertathol

Approximately equivalent to X^X^X^X arrays.

E100#^#^#^#^##100

graltertathol

E100#^#^#^#^###100

thraeltertathol

E100#^#^#^#^####100

terinntertathol

E100#^#^#^#^#####100

pehaeltertathol

E100#^#^#^#^######100

hexaeltertathol

E100#^#^#^#^#######100

heptaeltertathol

E100#^#^#^#^########100

octaeltertathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#100

godpeptathol

Approximately equivalent to X^^5 arrays.

E100#^#^#^#^#^##100

gralpeptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^###100

thraelpeptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^####100

terinnpeptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#####100

pehaelpeptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^######100

hexaelpeptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#######100

heptaelpeptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^########100

octaelpeptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#100

godextathol

Approximately equivalent to X^^6 arrays.

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^##100

gralextathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^###100

thraelextathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^####100

terinnextathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#####100

pehaelextathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^######100

hexaelextathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#######100

heptaelextathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^########100

octaelextathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#100

godeptathol

Approximately equivalent to X^^7 arrays.

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^##100

graleptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^###100

thraeleptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^####100

terinneptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#####100

pehaeleptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^######100

hexaeleptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#######100

heptaeleptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^########100

octaeleptathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#100

godoctathol

Approximately equivalent to X^^8 arrays.

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#^##100

graloctathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#^###100

thraeloctathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#^####100

terinnoctathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#####100

pehaeloctathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#^######100

hexaeloctathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#######100

heptaeloctathol

E100#^#^#^#^#^#^#^#^########100

octaeloctathol

XVII. Epsilon Epoch

e(0) ~ zeta(0)

Entries: 180

E100#^^#100

tethrathoth

            The tethrathoth (or simply thoth) is equal to E100#^#^#^#^ ... ^#^#^#^#100 w/100 #s. It is comparable and slightly smaller than Jonathan Bowers' goppatoth. It is roughly equivalent to an X^^99 array.

10^^100 & 10

goppatoth

One of Bowers' largest of his original set of 121 googolisms. This one is interesting in being at the limit of what is considered to be well defined in array notation (even to this day!). This would be a tetrational array. Specifically it would be a X^^100 array, making it just slightly larger than a tethrathoth. In fact, a goppatoth should be approximately E100#^^#101 in ExE.

E100,000#^^#100,000

tethrathothigong

            For old time sake, here is the "gong" version of a tethrathoth, the tethrathothigong. It is equal to E100,000#^#^#^#^...^#^#^#^#100,000 w/100,000 #s. Technically speaking this number is mind-crushingly larger than having a mere hundred cascade levels ... but it's still a very modest improvement compare to how far we're going to take it from here ...

E100#^^#100#2

grand tethrathoth

            The grand tethrathoth is equal to E100#^#^#^#^ ... ^#^#^#^#100 w/tethrathoth #s. This is incomparably larger than the tethrathothigong, though from a googologist's perspective just a stone's skip away from the tethrathoth. It is comparable to and slightly smaller than Jonathan Bowers' goppatothplex. It is roughly equivalent to a X^^(tethrathoth-1) array. The next explicitly named googolism after a goppatothplex is a triakulus. This number is much much MUCH larger and it will take us a long time to reach it!

10^^goppatoth & 10

goppatothplex

A X^^goppatoth array. This makes it just "slightly" larger than a grand tethrathoth. This is notable for being the last well-defined googolism of Bowers' original set. The next Bowerism of the original set is a tridecatrix, which is {10,10,10} & 10. However pentational arrays have never been formally defined, let along dekational arrays! These will be added for size reference regardless, based on there theoretical placement. 

E100,000#^^#100,000#2

grand tethrathothigong


E100#^^#100#3

grand grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#4

grand grand grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#5

grand grand grand grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#6

grand grand grand grand grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#7

grand grand grand grand grand grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#100

ninety-nine-ex-grand tethrathoth / grantethrathoth


E100#^^#100#101

hundred-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#(1+E100)

googol-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#2)

googolplex-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#100)

grangol-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#(1+E100##100)

gugold-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^#100)

godgahlah-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#1#2

tethrathoth-minus-one-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100)

tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#2#2

grand-tethrathoth-minus-one-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#2)

grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#3#2

grand-grand-tethrathoth-minus-one-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#3)

grand-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#4#2

grand-grand-grand-tethrathoth-minus-one-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#4)

grand-grand-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#5#2

grand-grand-grand-grand-tethrathoth-minus-one-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#5)

grand-grand-grand-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#1#3


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100))

tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#2#3


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#2))

grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#3#3


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#3))

grand-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#1#4


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100)))

tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#1#5


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100))))

tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth


E100#^^#100#1#100


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#( ... ... (1+E100#^^#100)) ... ... ))

w/100 E100#^^#100s

tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth

            A modest attempt to extend the tethrathoth using the obvious approach of extending the sequence: tethrathoth, grand tethrathoth, grand grand tethrathoth, three-ex-grand tethrathoth, four-ex-grand tethrathoth, ... etc. This extension however is not as ambitious as it seems! This number is still smaller than a greatethrathoth.


E100#^^#100#100#100

greatethrathoth


E100#^^#100#1#1#2


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#( ... ... (1+E100#^^#100)) ... ... ))

w/tethrathoth E100#^^#100s

tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand- ... ... -tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth

w/tethrathoth "tethrathoth"s

            How crazy is that?! This is the sort of number someone might come up with the extend the tethrathoth series given the notation N-ex-grand tethrathoth is the (N+1)th member of the tethrathoth series. Yet it barely taps into the possibilities with Extended Cascading-E Notation (xE^). It's still smaller than a grand greatethrathoth.


E100#^^#100#100#100#2

grand greatethrathoth


E100#^^#100#1#1#3


E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#( ... ... (1+E100#^^#100)) ... ... ))

w/E100#^^#100#(1+E100#^^#100#(...(1+E100#^^#100))...)) "E100#^^#100"s 

w/tethrathoth "E100#^^#100"s

tethrathoth-ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand- ... ... -tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth

w/tethrathoth-ex-grand-...-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth "tethrathoth"s

w/tethrathoth "tethrathoth"s

            This is just insane!!! Yet this is clearly the wrong approach because even torturing language this far doesn't get us as far as a mere grand grand greatethrathoth. This again shows the linguistic approach is vastly inferior to the mathematical approach.


E100#^^#100#100#100#3

grand grand greatethrathoth


E100#^^#100#100#100#100

gigantethrathoth


E100#^^#100#1#1#1#2


tethrathoth-ex- ... ... -ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth

w/tethrathoth-ex- ... ... -ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth "tethrathoth"s

w/tethrathoth-ex- ... ... -ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth "tethrathoth"s

...

...

...

w/tethrathoth-ex- ... ... -ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth "tethrathoth"s

w/tethrathoth-ex- ... ... -ex-grand-tethrathoth-ex-grand tethrathoth "tethrathoth"s

w/tethrathoth "tethrathoth"s

where there are a tethrathoth lines

            Despite how insane this is, it's still doesn't get one very far. This is still less than a grand gigantethrathoth.


E100#^^#100#100#100#100#2

grand gigantethrathoth


E100#^^#100#100#100#100#100

gorgetethrathoth


E100#^^#100#100#100#100#100#100

gultethrathoth


E100#^^#100#100#100#100#100#100#100

gasptethrathoth


E100#^^#100#100#100#100#100#100#100#100

ginortethrathoth


E100#^^#100##100


E100#^^#100###100


E100#^^#100####100


E100#^^#100#^#100


E100#^^#100#^#100#^#100


E100#^^#100#^#*#100


E100#^^#100#^#*##100


E100#^^#100#^#*###100


E100#^^#100#^#*#^#100


E100#^^#100#^#*#^#*#^#100

 

E100#^^#100#^##100

 

E100#^^#100#^###100

 

E100#^^#100#^#^#100

 

E100#^^#100#^#^#^#100

 

E100#^^#100#^^#100 

tethratrithoth

 

E100#^^#100#^^#100#^^#100

tethraterthoth

 

E100#^^#100#^^#100#^^#100#^^#100

tethrapethoth

 

E100#^^#100#^^#100#^^#100#^^#100#^^#100

tethra-exthoth

 

E100#^^#*#7

tethra-epthoth

 

E100#^^#*#8

tethra-octhoth

 

E100#^^#*#100

 

E100#^^#*##100

 

E100#^^#*###100

 

E100#^^#*#^#100

 

E100#^^#*#^##100

 

E100#^^#*#^###100

 

E100#^^#*#^####100

 

E100#^^#*#^#^#100

 

E100#^^#*#^#^#^#100

 

E100#^^#*#^^#100

 deutero-tethrathoth

 

E100#^^#*#^^#*#^^#100 

trito-tethrathoth

 

E100#^^#*#^^#*#^^#*#^^#100

teterto-tethrathoth

 

E100(#^^#)^#100

hecato-tethrathoth

 

E100(#^^#)^#100#2

grand hecato-tethrathoth

 

E100(#^^#)^#100(#^^#)^#100

 

E100(#^^#)^#*(#^^#)^#100

 

E100(#^^#)^##100

 

E100(#^^#)^###100

 

E100(#^^#)^####100

 

E100(#^^#)^#####100

 

E100(#^^#)^#^#100

 

E100(#^^#)^#^#^#100

 

E100(#^^#)^#^#^#^#100

 

E100(#^^#)^#^#^#^#^#100

 

E100(#^^#)^(#^^#)100

 

E100(#^^#)^(#^^#*#)100

 

E100(#^^#)^(#^^#*##)100

 

E100(#^^#)^(#^^#*#^#)100

 

E100(#^^#)^(#^^#*#^^#)100

 

E100(#^^#)^(#^^#*#^^#*#^^#)100

 

E100(#^^#)^(#^^#)^#100

Monster-Giant

 

E100(#^^#)^(#^^#)^(#^^#)^#100

Super Monster-Giant

 

E100(#^^#)^^#100

terrible tethrathoth

 

E100(#^^#)^^#*#100

 

E100(#^^#)^^#*##100

 

E100(#^^#)^^#*###100

 

E100(#^^#)^^#*#^#100

 

E100(#^^#)^^#*#^#*#^#100

 

E100(#^^#)^^#*#^^#100

 

E100(#^^#)^^#*(#^^#)^^#100

deutero-terrible tethrathoth

 

E100(#^^#)^^#*(#^^#)^^#*(#^^#)^^#100

trito-terrible tethrathoth

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^#100

hecato-terrible tethrathoth

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^##100


E100((#^^#)^^#)^###100

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^#^#100

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^#^#^#100

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^(#^^#)100

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^(#^^#)^(#^^#)100

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^(#^^#)^(#^^#)^(#^^#)100

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^((#^^#)^^#)100

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^((#^^#)^^#)^((#^^#)^^#)100

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^((#^^#)^^#)^((#^^#)^^#)^((#^^#)^^#)100

 

E100((#^^#)^^#)^^#100

terrible terrible tethrathoth

 

E100(((#^^#)^^#)^^#)^^#100

terrible terrible terrible tethrathoth

 

E100((((#^^#)^^#)^^#)^^#)^^#100

terrible terrible terrible terrible tethrathoth

 

E100#^^#>#100

tethriterator

or

 tethrathoth ba'al

or

ninety-nine-ex-terrible tethrathoth

This number begins to push the limits of LECEN. In xE^ however this can be compactly expressed as E100#^^#>#100, using the new #^^#># delimiter which diagonalizes over LECEN with the fundamental sequence:

#^^#>#[1] = #^^#

#^^#>#[n] = (#^^#>#[n-1])^^#

With this in place it now becomes trivial to move way way beyond LECEN...

 

E100#^^#>#(1+E100)

googol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

E100#^^#>#(1+E100#100)

grangol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

E100#^^#>#(1+E100#100#100)

greagol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

E100#^^#>#(1+E100#100#100#100)

gigangol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

E100#^^#>#(1+E100#100#100#100#100)

gorgegol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

gulgol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

gaspgol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

ginorgol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

gugold-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

gugolthra-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

throogol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

teroogol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

godgahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

gridgahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

kubikahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

quarticahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

quinticahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

sexticahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

septicahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

octicahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

nonicahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

decicahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

viginticahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

nonaginticahlah-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

godgathor-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

goober bunch-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

gralgathor-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

thraelgathor-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

terinngathor-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

godtothol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

graltothol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

thraeltothol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

terinntothol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

godtertathol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

graltertathol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

godpeptathol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

godextathol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

godeptathol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

godoctathol-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

grand tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

Monster-Giant-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

Super Monster-Giant-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

terrible-tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

terrible-terrible-tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

terrible-terrible-terrible-tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

terrible-terrible-terrible-terrible-tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

E100((...((#^^#)^^#)...)^^#)^^#100

w/tethrathoth ba'al "^^#"s

Great and Terrible Tethrathoth

 

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

tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth-ex-terrible tethrathoth

 

            This is as far as I've developed Extended Cascading-E Notation (xE^) at the moment. It's still a VERY VERY VERY VERY ... VERY VERY LONG WAY to pentational arrays. In the next catagory are some unimaginably vast numbers which currently no one quite knows where they should fall on the Fast-growing hierarchy... 

XVIII. Computable Epoch

zeta(0) ~ w_1^CK

Entries: 33

3^^^3 & 3 

triakulus

            This is the smallest pentational array number Bowers' coins. Currently I'm not entirely certain where it falls on the fast growing hierachy or how much larger it is than the previous entry. All I can say at the moment is that it would have to be much much larger than anything expressible in Limited Extension Cascading-E Notation (LECEN). I believe my Extended Cascading-E Notation (xE^) goes even further than a triakulus, but it remains to be seen how much further. There is currently no consensus on BEAF. There is also no fully formalized definition of "pentational arrays". Although Chris Bird's array notation probably goes much further than this, his system has differences from a hypothetical Bowers' system, and it is not certain what the rules of Bowers' pentational arrays would be like. Solving the problem of Bowers' pentational arrays is an open problem in googology.

10^^^100 & 10

kungulus

            A much larger pentational array number.

10^^^kungulus & 10 

kungulusplex

The next recursive step for a kungulus!

10^^^^100 & 10

quadrunculus

Bowers' only example of a hexational-array number. It is not precisely known how these kinds of arrays would even work.

{10,10,10} & 10

tridecatrix

One of the 120 og Bowerisms. This was the largest one just before a golapulus, and was the only example of a "linear array array" of sorts. This one immediately followed goppatoth and goppathothplex.

{10,10,100} & 10

humongulus

This is Jonathan Bowers' humongulus and it is a truly massive value. To define it requires the creation of a general theory for how to apply up-arrow notation to ordinals. I believe that my xE^ notation goes at least this far if not further than {X,X,X}-space. Yet this is just the very beginning...

E100{#,#,1,2}100

blasphemorgulus

One of my favorite milestone ExE googolisms. It represents the limit of not only xE^ but also the limit of so called Hyper-Extended Cascading-E Notation (#xE^). #xE^ is believed to be of order-type phi(1,0,0,0). Blasphemorgulus is believed to fall between Jonathan Bowers' humongulus and tetdecatrix. Evidence for this proposition is mainly based on a theory of ordinal hyper-operators that is believed to match Bowers' intended operation of BEAF.

10^E100{#,#,1,2}100

blasphemorgulplex

This isn't intended as a salad number. There is actually an important distinction to be made between a blasphemorgulus and a blasphemorgulplex when dealing with a blasphemorgulminexiplex (remember that all the way at the very beginning of this list!). If we raise a blasphemorgulminexiplex to the power of a blasphemorgulplex, then we get a value of exactly 10. Proof: Let B = E100{#,#,1,2}100. (10^10^-B)^10^B = 10^(10^-B x 10^B) = 10^10^0 = 10^1 = 10. Even though a blasphemorgulplex ~ blasphemorgulus (from a googological point of view), if we incorrectly raise a blasphemorgulminexiplex to a blasphemorgulus we actually just get a number that would be frighteningly close to 1, intead of exactly 10. So the difference matters, at least in that particular context. Of course, way up here in the stratosphere, the difference doesn't matter at all and we can be assured that this has no chance of even being close to a tetdecatrix ...

{10,10,10,10} & 10

tetdecatrix

This is a new googolism created by Bowers' to fill some of the gap between a humongulus and a golapulus. It is much larger than humongulus, though its difficult to describe exactly in what way. This array would have exactly a tetradecal 10s in it's array, if only we knew how exactly.

{10,10,10,10,10} & 10

pendecatrix

The next in a sequence of new bowerism's extending from tridecatrix. This number is described by an array with a pentadecal 10s.

{10,10,10,10,10,10} & 10

hexdecatrix

The next logical construction after pendecatrix. This number is an array of {10,10,10,10,10,10} 10s.

7 & 10 & 10

hepdecatrix

Here we have a very early example of nesting the "array of" operator. With just 2 &s , numbers of the form a&b&c already are as strong as SVO (the small veblen ordinal).

8 & 10 & 10

ocdecatrix

The next in a fairly logical and straight forward progression from tridecatrix.

9 & 10 & 10

endecatrix

The last in the logical tridecatrix to endecatrix progression.

10 & 10 & 10

{10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10} & 10

lineatrix

Bowers' breaks with his adaptions of smaller googolism's with his -trix affix. Bowers' doesn't call 10&10 dekadecal either, and instead uses iteral. This suggests iteraltrix, but he doesn't use this either. Instead he names this number lineatrix, from the fact that it's array is formed from "linear" arrays.

(lineatrix) & 10 & 10

lineatrixplex

Bowers' ends his "Lineational Group" with a lineatrixplex. At this point a single recursive step is rather trivial, but it's cool to visualize none the less. It can be imagined as:

{10,10,10,10,10, ... ... ,10,10,10,10,10} & 10 w/lineatrix 10s in the array

Trippy stuff.

The gap to the next Bowerism is huge. He skips LVO, a common benchmark ordinal, entirely. The next bowerism, golapulus, is believed to fall somewhere between LVO and BHO, and may be larger than TREE(3), though due to a lack of a tight upperbound on TREE(3) we can't say for sure this is the case.

*

 

TREE(3)

                    This is a famous large number discovered by Harvey Friedman which at some point supplanted Graham's Number as the largest number ever defined by a professional mathematician. It's value is a consequence of Kruskal's theorem. Take any infinite sequence of labeled trees. There must exist a tree such that it is homeomorphically embeddable in an earlier tree. A consequence of this is that if a sequence of labeled trees has no members homeomorphically embeddable into an earlier tree then the sequence must be finite. Now consider all of these sequences. Friedmann showed that there must be a longest such sequence of trees. Now consider the function TREE(k). It is defined as the length of the longest such sequence of trees using only k-labels. TREE(3) is the length of the longest sequence of trees using only 3 labels. It can be proven that TREE(1) = 1 and TREE(2) = 3 , but TREE(3) is the first non-trivial case and it's such a vast number that even extending the Fast Growing Hierarchy to Gamma(0) or even the Ackermann ordinal is not enough. It has been demonstrated that TREE(k) is at least of order type SVO. A more rigorous bound shows that TREE(k) is at least of order type psi(W^(W^w*w)).

 This places it somewhere in the Great Silence between a lineatrix and a golapulus. Whatever TREE(3) turns out to be, it won't collapse like the solution to Graham's problem

                    Incredibly this still is not the largest number in professional mathematics ...

*Note: The placement of this number is not precisely known. It has been proven to be larger than lineatrix (under any of the current interpretations), and has a lower bound of phi(w(1)0), but there does not exist any tight upperbound for this number currently, so it is not known for certain to be less than golapulus. Golapulus however is much larger, so it might be unlikely that TREE(3) is larger than it. Perhaps more insight into this will be found in the future. For now I am placing TREE(3) here as it's most likely place in the sequence.

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 THE FIRST GREAT SILENCE

lineatrix ~ golapulus

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10^100 & 10 & 10

{10,10(100)2} & 10

golapulus

                    This is a value that just goes way way WAY beyond anything we have yet encountered! It's indescribable with the current techniques I'm employing. It is probably going require the introduction of ordinal collapsing functions.

                    The gap between this number and lineatrix is just HUGE ... and I don't mean in the usual way. All googolism's are googologically far apart ... but between lineatrix and a golapulus is a great silence. There are no Bowerism's between these numbers. Bowers' makes an increadible leap at this point skipping over a lot of possible inbetween values and jumps straight to this monsterosity! In fact I doubt you'll find many googolism's in the great silence. The systems at this point develop so fast that one can take immediately tremendous leaps into totally new kinds of numbers. A golapulus is just such a "new kind of number". It's not even in the same echelon as lineatrix. It's another breed entirely. An entirely new theory will be needed to reach numbers of this caliber ... 

10^100 & 10 & 10 & 10

{10,10(100)2} & 10 & 10

golapulusplex

golapulusplex takes a leap analogous to the gongulus to the golapulus. Just as golapulus is a gongulus array of 10s (whatever that means), a golapulusplex is a golapulus array of 10s. But make no mistake, this is not a simple recursive step forward like last time. No it's something much much worse. This is the first time that Bowers' uses the plex affix for something other than basic recursion. This could be called a form of ordinal recursion, as it's a way to generate a new much larger ordinal from a smaller ordinal by using an ordinal function. Consequently this number is in a completely different league than a golapulus. We have again made another tremendous leap and skipped ALOT! We have skipped BHO, one of the major milestones, but this is still before the TFB ordinal.

{10&10&10&10&10&10&10&10&10&10}

{10,10/2}

dekulus

This is a new bowerism. This would already be well beyond a golapulus, or even golapulusplex, though believe it or not, it would still be computable. This is the last of only three entries in the so called "Golapulus Group".

10^100 & 10 & 10 & ... & 10 & 10

w/(10^100 & 10 & 10) terms

golapulusplux

One of Bowers' original 121 googolisms. This one is no longer found on his new number list, yet the definition is not difficult to rewite in Bowers new notation. Original this was notated as X{10,100,3},golapulusX, which was meant to indicate the number of times to iterate the "array of" operator on the left argument. This number would hypothetically be larger than {10,golapulus / 2} in Bowers modern notation, but less than {10,(golapulus+1) / 2 }. Either way, this would still be much much smaller than ...

{3,3,3/2}

the big boowa

This is Bowers' smallest googolism to utilize the legion bar "/". Bowers' defines {b,p/2} = b&b&...&b w/p bs. So {3,3/2} is {3&3&3} or triakulus. {3,3,2/2} would be {3,triakulus/2}. But this is nothing compare to a big boowa. In Bowers original notation this was notated as: 

X3,{3,3}X

An early form of iterating through legion space. I believe that this is equivalent to the modern version. 

X3,3,2X

This number is unnamed on Bowers old website, but it's offered as an example to introduce "the rules" for the new array notation. This cryptic explanation is offered:

X3,3,2X = X{3,3,3},2,2X = X{3,3,3}&3,1,2X = X3,{3,3,3}&3X

This is alleviated somewhat by my use of more modern notation to make it clearer. This should be roughly equivalent to {3,3 / {3,3,3}&3 } in modern notation. One thing to note is Bowers repeatedly refers to {3,3,3}&3 as "dutritri" however this appears to be a mistake. The number 3^3&3 is called a dimentri instead. In any case the operation here is not entirely clear as it does not follow the same rules as ordinary array notation. It can be surmised though, that the second entry can become arrays up to any legion space, which suggests this will be bounded by {3,n / 1 / 2}.  

X3,3,3X

the great big boowa

This is one of Bowers' original 121 googolisms. The exact mechanism of this notation is unclear, but I believe it will be much weaker than multiple legion bars. This is believed to be approximately equivalent to {3,n / 1 / 3} in more modern notation.

X10^100 & 10X

the great big bongulus

This is Bowers original number "bongulus". However he eventually named a much smaller number that, so I've taken the liberty of calling this number the great big bongulus instead, following suit with names like the great big boowa. This would be equivalent (theoretically) to a dimensional legion array. Thus this would still all be smaller than {b,p // 2 }, which in turn is much much smaller than the big hoss.

{ 10^10 & 10 }_10

wompogulus

One of Bowers' original aol hometown googolisms. This one would, hypothetically, be equivalent to tenth level legion bars, making it just a little weaker than the big hoss.

{100,100/////.../////2} w/ 100 "/"s

The Big Hoss

Bowers' comes up with a way to apply the legion array trick multiple times and on multiple levels of complexity. This is one example of such a number. We are now way way way beyond the big boowa.

{ 10^10 & 10 }_wompogulus

wompogulusplex

This should be equivalent to wompogulus-level legion bars. We pass up the big hoss but we've almost exhausted the old notation ... 

# 10^100&{10^10&10} #

guapamonga

The old value for a guapamonga the penultimate googolism of Jonathan Bowers original set. It is not known exactly where this would fall in the new notation, but it's believed to be vastly smaller than a meameamealokkapoowa oompa. Just one more classic Bowerism to go ...

# 10^100&{10^10&10} #_guapamonga

guapamongaplex

This used to be the number everyone mentioned as the "largest named number" when Jonathan Bowers first introduced his array notation. Despite it's seeming impressive array of ... well arrays ... it's still believed to be vastly smaller than ...

{L100,10}10,10

meameamealokkapoowa

The legions marks can be ranked into a hierarchy of legion marks. This number uses 100th order legion marks. It is the second largest computable googolism of Bowers'.

{{L100,10}10,10&L,10}10,10

meameamealokkapoowa oompa

This is the largest computable number Bowers' has named. It diagonalizes over the strongest version of BEAF that allows for structures of Ls. Despite being frighteningly large, being described as trying to "understand the size of God" in Bowers' own words, there is a good chance it's not the largest known computable number. This honor is probably due to Loader's Number.

D5(99)

Loader's Number

Loader's Number is the output of loader.c, a C progam written by Ralph Loader as part of the Big Number Bakeoff and the winning entry. It diagonalizes over the calculus of constructions and is so powerful that it's not even known what level of recursion it employs. It is hailed as the largest known computable number.

XIX. Uncomputable Epoch

w_1^CK ~ ????

Entries: 7

Xi(106)

Briefly considered larger than Rayo's Number.

Rayo(10100)

Rayo's Number

Probably the most famous and well known of the uncomputable googolism's

FOOT10(10100)

BIG FOOT

The earliest attempt to dethrone Rayo's Number with a new champion of uncomputable googology.

????????

croutonillion

A running gag on googology wiki. Croutonillion was intended to be the most salady of salad numbers ever created ... on purpose. Since the croutonillion literally folds every well defined thing into its overly complicated definition, it is, at any point of time, larger than any well defined googolism. The only thing it can't beat are things that are too ill-defined to meaningfully incorporate ... which brings us to ...

????????

Oblivion

Bowers' attempt to take the crown of uncomputable googology, by suggesting that languages themselves have sizes and one can have larger languages to have stronger languages to diagonalize over.

????????

Utter Oblivion

Bowers' follow up on an Oblivion. An Utter Oblivion uses Oblivion in it's definition, not unlike the way a googolplex uses googol in its definition, or meameamealokkapoowa oompa uses meameamealokkapoowa in it's definition.

????????

Sam's Number

This number, according to it's original description, is simply indescribable. This has been taken to mean that it is beyond any definition or description that we could ever create in this universe. Thusly, it must be larger than anything anyone anywhere anywhen could ever define, making this the default "largest number". While this "number" is necessarily ill-defined, there must also necessarily be numbers larger than any description we could ever create that we may call "indescribable". So even without an actual definition, we will simply say this marks the point in the list where indescribable numbers would begin.

... and so on ... 

             What's the largest finite number? There isn't one! But that doesn't mean we can just keep going on indefinitely. We can never express ALL the finite numbers, because there is an infinite number of them, so there is a limit to what we can express at any given time. Googology has made incredible progress over the last 200 years. But it really will never be over. As long as there are people interested in large numbers, there will be googology ...

THE END

... or is it? ...

... ... ... ...

it never ends ... ... ... ...

and we never reach infinity ... ... ... ...

because it's not a destination ... ... ... ... 

it's a domain ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ...

but ...

if you really want to skip ahead to infinity ... 

continue on to the Transfinite Numbers ...

Transfinite Numbers

[ℵ0,Ω)

Entries: 47

Countably Infinite

Entries: 40

0

aleph-null

             Also known colloquially as infinity. In Cantor's theory of transfinites it is known as aleph-null when treated as a cardinal number, and omega when treated as an ordinal number. In an informal sense all of these concepts are the same, but there are important technical distinctions to be made. Infinity in calculus refers to a real quantity which increases without bound. It is not so much a number, as a way of expressing the behavior of a limit. omega refers to the order-type of the set of non-negative integers. Aleph-null on the other hand, is defined as the cardinality of the set of positive integers. In plain speak Aleph-null is the "number" of numbers. The problem with this is that the set of positive integers is suppose to represent all things that we might wish to count. It however, can not count itself. So is the "number" of numbers, even a number then? Cantor thought so. In some ways we can treat aleph-null as a number, in that we can compare it to other numbers and determine which is larger. Using the concept of one-to-one correspondence Cantor showed that we can rationally say that aleph-null is larger than any positive integer, even though the previously prevailing wisdom was that infinity was not a number and could not be compared in this way. But accepting this view leads to some mind bending anomalies. Using one-to-one correspondence we can show there are just as many even numbers, squares, cubes, etc. as there are positive integers, despite that fact that these are all subsets of the positive integers. This violates the principle that the "whole is always greater than any proper part of the whole". So aleph-null is a number such that a proper part of it is still just as large... baffling. When working with finite numbers we implicitly understand the exclusivity of "larger" vs. "equal". A number can not be both. Hence when one particular correspondence shows that one finite set has more than another finite set, we know that no correspondence can exist which shows they are equal. Not so with infinite sets! Even if we have a correspondence which shows one is larger than the other, it doesn't necessarily mean that a correspondence doesn't exist showing they are equal. In the Cantorian universe of cardinals, in order for an infinity to be truly larger than another infinity it must be shown that "there does not exist ANY one-to-one correspondences". Since there must be an infinite number of such correspondences, checking each one individually is not an option. It is necessary to come up with a proof which shows the impossibility of such a correspondence. It might be assumed that all infinities are essentially the same and can be put in one-to-one correspondence with each other. The amazing thing Cantor did however was to show that there were infinities which could not be put in one-to-one correspondence with aleph-null. Thus Cantor showed that there was not one infinity ... but an infinity of infinities ... (See aleph-one). This is Cantor's paradise, or nightmare, depending on your perspective.

w+1

omega and one

                This is the smallest ordinal number after "omega". Informally we can think of this as infinity plus one. One formulation of ordinals is to treat them as sets of all smaller ordinals. In order to say omega and one is "larger" than "omega" we define largeness to mean that one ordinal is larger than another if the smaller ordinal is included in the set of the larger. The set w+1 would be {w,0,1,2,3,...}. It would be composed of all the non-negative integers plus omega. Thus w+1 by this definition is larger. However, since the cardinality of every ordinal is represented by the cardinality of it's set, we can also show that in a sense w = w+1, since w={0,1,2,3,...} and w+1={w,0,1,2,...} we can pair off arguments as: {(0,w),(1,0),(2,1),(3,2),...}, which shows both sets have the same number of elements, even though w+1 includes one more. Confused? Basically there is two ways to look at comparison of infinities: the cardinal view and the ordinal view. By the ordinal view, omega and one is greater, by the cardinal view omega and omega plus one are the same thing. Cardinals don't play a large role in googology, but the countable ordinals do. So for our purposes the distinction between w and w+1 is important.

w+2

omega and two

                Just as we can extend large numbers arbitrarily, we can do the same with the ordinal w. Just think of "w" as a VERY large number. So we can add one to it, or two, or have ...

2w

two omega

2w+1

two omega and one

2w+2

two omega and two

3w

three omega

w2

omega squared

w2+1

omega squared and one

w2+w

omega squared and omega

w2+w+1

omega squared, omega and one

2w2

two omega squared

w3

omega cubed

ww

φ(w,0)

omega to the omega

ww^w

omega to the omega to the omega

ε0

φ(0,1)

epsilon-zero

                Cantor gave this ordinal the special name epsilon-zero. What is it? It's the smallest ordinal larger than any ordinal that can be "named" using addition, multiplication, and exponentiation with the symbol w. In other words:

e0 = lim{w,w^w,w^w^w,w^w^w^w,...}

                    In other other words, e0 = w^w^w^... where there is omega w's. It can be defined as the smallest ordinal "a", such that a=w^a. This implies that e0=w^e0. Weird. It's also equal to phi(0,1) in the Veblen fixed point hierarchy. 

                Informally you can think of it as an infinite power tower of infinities! It can also informally be called w^^w. 

                This ordinal is actually important for us as it represents the size of Jonathan Bowers' tetrational arrays. Not only does Bowers' tetrational arrays have an exact arity of epsilon-zero (a tetrational array is well defined as long as only a finite number of entries are greater than 1. The rest are all equal to 1 by default. If we use the ordinals to count all the entries in tetrational space, there is exactly epsilon-zero entries), but function epsilon-zero of the fast-growing hierarchy has an equivalent growth rate to tetrational arrays. Epsilon-zero also represents an important impasse. Up to this point the notation is fairly natural, and there is basically universal agreement on how to "name" ordinals less than epsilon-zero and how to determine which of any two such ordinals is larger. At epsilon-zero however we begin to run into problems. There are at least two different ways to continue naming ordinals, and certain expressions are difficult to interpret, such as w^^(w+1). The fact is, that we are forced to make certain choices about notation after this point, and none of them follows as naturally as it does up to epsilon-zero. There is however a widely excepted extension known as the Veblen hierarchy. Unfortunately this extension is radically different than Bowers' own extension to pentational ordinals and beyond. It is an open question how to convert from Bowers' ordinals to Veblen ordinals.

ε0+1

epsilon-zero and one

                What's so hard about continuing... just add one. Well of coarse we can always add one in the system of ordinals, just like we do with finite numbers (this suggests that there is NO largest ordinal, just like there is no largest integer). The problem isn't so much adding one. It's what happens as we continue further along...

w^(ε0+1) / w*ε0

omega to the epsilon-zero and one / omega epsilon-zero

                Here we encounter one of our first problems, though admittedly pretty minor. There is more than one possible ordinal notation we could use. In the first version we are building towards a stack of omega's, in the second a stack of epsilon-zeros. You'll see what I mean as we continue

w^w^(ε0+1) / ε0^w

omega to the omega to the epsilon-zero and one / epsilon-zero to the omega

                Despite the fact that we have at least two different ways to write ordinals after epsilon-zero, the good news is that it isn't too difficult up to this point to create a correspondence between them. That is, we can convert one notation to the other and thereby compare ordinals in both systems and determine which is larger. The key to this conversion is the definition e0=w^e0. Using this we can convert the first form into the second as follows:

w^w^(e0+1) = w^(w*w^e0) = (w^w^e0)^w = (w^e0)^w = e0^w

                This takes some getting used to, but w^e0 is merely e0, while w^(e0+1) > e0. In fact it's worse than that because e0 = w^e0 = w^w^e0 = w^w^w^e0 = ... etc.

ε0^ε0

epsilon-zero to the epsilon-zero

                This is a cool ordinal. This is epsilon-zero raised to the epsilon-zero. What is this in the Cantor normalized form? Let's see (remember e0=w^e0):

e0^e0 = (w^e0)^e0 = w^(e0*e0) = w^(w^e0*w^e0) = w^w^(2e0)

                Weird. Still, it seems like the ordinals after epsilon-zero are well behaved so far. What is the limit of extending e0 using exponentiation though...

ε1

φ(1,1)

epsilon-one

            Epsilon-one is the next big step in the Veblen fixed point hierarchy. Epsilon-one can be defined as the smallest ordinal larger than any ordinal expressible using only addition,multiplication, and exponentiation on the ordinals "w" and "e0". One way to define it is as:

e1 = lim{e0+1,w^(e0+1),w^w^(e0+1),w^w^w^(e0+1),...}

            Now that you've seen this you can probably guess what happens next...

ε2

φ(2,1)

epsilon-two

            Epsilon-two is the limit of expressions using w,e0 and e1:

e2 = lim{e1+1,w^(e1+1),w^w^(e1+1),...}

εw

φ(w,1)

epsilon-omega

                Now that we have established a general rule we can continue to any ordinal index of epsilon ... including infinite ordinals. YIKES ...

εw^w

φ(w^w,1)

epsilon-omega-to-the-omega

εe0

φ(φ(0,1),1)

epsilon-epsilon-zero

εe(e0)

φ(φ(φ(0,1),1),1)

epsilon-epsilon-epsilon-zero

εe(e(e(...

φ(0,2)

Epsilon Limit Ordinal / zeta-minor-naught

                Here we reach the limit of the idea of "Epsilon-numbers". This ordinal is sometimes referred to as zeta-naught. However I've avoided using this notation here, because I have reserved zeta-naught for the hypothetical ordinal w^^^w. It is doubtful that this ordinal is that large. Still this is a pretty cool ordinal. It's usually the largest ordinal mentioned in a popular discussion of Cantor's transfinite ordinals. That's probably because after this, we need to develop a more generalized means for continuing and it becomes far less natural and more technical. Most authors would consider this sufficient as an introduction to Cantor's ordinals. After this it starts to get somewhat academic...

φ(1,2)

zeta-minor-one

φ(0,3)

φ(0,w)

φ(0,φ(0,1))

φ(0,φ(0,φ(0,1)))

Γ0

φ(0,0,1)

Feferman-Schutte Ordinal

            This is the Feferman-Schutte ordinal, also known as gamma-naught. It's the limit of the binary Veblen function. It is said that the growth rate of the function TREE(n) is comparable to gamma-naught of the fast growing hierarchy. Determining where gamma-naught falls along Bowers' ordinals is therefore important to determining where TREE(3), a famous large number, falls along Bowers' googolisms.

φ( w & a )

Small Veblen Ordinal

            The small Veblen Ordinal is the limit of extending the Veblen function to a Veblen array. 

φ( w & a & a )

            It is possible to extend Veblen arrays, just as Bowers' extends his array notation. This is an example of Bowers' idea in professional mathematics!

φ( ... a & a & a & a )

Large Veblen Ordinal

            The Large Veblen Ordinal is the limit of allowing the arity of an extended-Veblen array to be any ordinal definable using an extended-Veblen array. Despite how huge this is, it is still a computable ordinal. That means that any ordinal less than this in the fast-growing hierarchy is still a computable function.

w1ck

Church-Kleene Ordinal

            This is the infamous Church-Kleene Ordinal, said to be the smallest non-recursive ordinal. Strangely, even though it's non-recursive it's countable. This means that the cardinality of the set w1^ck is still aleph-one! It's like we haven't gone anywhere yet, even though we have gone a very long way in terms of ordinals. The distance between this ordinal and the Large Veblen Ordinal is insurmountably vast. 

            This ordinal is also equivalent to the growth rate of the Busy Beaver function.

w2ck

            One can also have a hierarchy of non-recursive ordinals.

w(w)ck

            A.P. Goucher has claimed that this is the growth rate of the function Rayo(n).

w(w(w( ...|ck

First Church-Kleene Fixed Point

        This is the growth rate of A.P. Goucher's Xi function. Currently the fastest growing function in googology.

Uncountably Infinite

Entries: 7

1

aleph-one

            Aleph-one is the first uncountable number. What does that mean? It means that any set with at least this many elements can not be put into one-to-one correspondence with the set of positive integers. Put another way, it's a number so large that even if you attempted to list it's arguments 1st,2nd,3rd, ... and continued this list forever, you still wouldn't be able to account for all it's arguments!! This number is larger than infinity to its own power, larger than a power tower of infinities infinitely high ... it simply defies description. It can't be compared with aleph-null. At first it seems impossible, nightmarish. Yet it's existence seems inescapable. Cantor did not set out trying to prove there was a larger infinity. He stumbled upon it by accident. He assumed that all infinities were the same. But when he tried to set up a one-to-one correspondence between the positive integers and the real numbers he discovered he couldn't. Eventually he realized that the reason he was having so much difficult had to be because no such correspondence actually existed. So he then set out to prove there were more reals than positive integers. Here he succeeded. It was soon also discovered that the power set of aleph-null had to be greater than aleph-null. Cantor tried to prove that the power set of aleph-null was the same as the cardinality of the real numbers, but he was unable to do this. Some say it was this question that drove him mad. Later on it was proved that the question itself was undecidable, meaning no proof existed within Cantors framework that would show that the power set of aleph-null was also the cardinality of the reals. It's at this point that we learn something disturbing about studying infinity: that certain "truths" about them are unknowable and must simply be assumed one way or another. Some mathematicians have assumed Cantor's conjecture to be correct, or at least a useful way of working with infinities, and have taken it as an axiom, where others have explored other possible systems. But this begs the question: how can infinities defined in radically different systems be compared. The most important feature of any large number competition is that eligible entries must be well-ordered. That is, for any two distinct members, a larger member can be determined, at least in principle. When that breaks down we no longer have a competition, and for me personally, that is the essence of googology: a competition with a verifiable champion.

N2

aleph-two

            The next hypothetical aleph number, which can not be put into one-to-one correspondence with aleph-one or lower. Again, the power set of aleph-one is also larger, but we can't determine whether the power set of aleph-one or aleph-two is larger.

            This generalization of coarse leads us to...

Nw

aleph-omega

Ne0

aleph-epsilon-zero

NN(1)

aleph-aleph-one

NN(N(1))

aleph-aleph-aleph-one

N(N(N(...

First Aleph-fixed point


THE ABSOLUTE


Ω

ABSOLUTE INFINITY

                This number is a FORBIDDEN NUMBER above and beyond all forbidden numbers. To Georg Cantor, who was religious, this number literally represented the totally boundless nature of GOD's power! The concept of Absolute Infinity is so bizarre that it isn't even considered an official transfinite number! This is because the concept itself is a nightmare of contradictions and incomprehensibility. It serves virtually no purpose in mathematics except to mystify the mind of man. It's an infinity amongst infinities, in a very literal sense. Absolute infinity can be thought of as the limit of ALL TRANSFINITE NUMBERS! How is this even possible? Cantor defined absolute infinity by saying that any property you could imagine it being the first to possess, is already possessed by a lesser number. What this means is that we literally can not describe anything about this number. Any description would be referring to something other than absolute infinity! Sound familiar? It's exactly the same thing that philosopher's have said about GOD. That we can't say what GOD is, only what GOD isn't. But how can this make any sense?! If we empty a term of all meaning, what meaning could it have. Absolute infinity actually already contradicts itself, because by Cantor's own logic, the power set of any set is a larger set. But then the power set of Absolute infinity would be larger, but then it wouldn't be larger than all transfinite numbers!!!

                Cantor's vision of the infinite is mind-blowing, and bizarre almost beyond description. In Cantor's own time his ideas brought on much ire from his fellow mathematicians. Yet not everyone wanted to silence these new ideas. It was described by Hilbert as "a paradise from which we will never be evicted". But Cantor's infinities are a lot like pandora's box. Once we open it, there doesn't seem to really be an end whatsoever. Where as before we could call infinity the largest number possible, now even that isn't enough. Yet here at Absolute Infinity we see the same human impulse that lead to infinity in the first place. The desire to declare a stopping point. A desire to comprehend the incomprehensible and give it a name. A desire to bring a close to things which are naturally open-ended. This is in contradistinction to the human impulse to move forward unimpeded. With Absolute Infinity we see Cantor being contradictory by trying to hold on to both ideas at once. Is it such a stretch to suggest that maybe old plain vanilla infinity might also be such a contradiction? How can any number claim to be the largest and final number? But if we gain nothing by declaring infinity the largest, then maybe we should just embrace the boundless. We don't need a last number. We think that's what we want, but three seconds later we would just define a larger one. So let's just admit, there is no such thing as a largest number, and that's okay. We don't need to name all the numbers today, tomorrow or ever, ... the numbers will always be out there waiting patiently. There is no rush............................................................................................................................................