Malayo-Polynesian

Classification follows Smith (2017) and Reid (2013).

Other classifications follow:

• • Enggano: Edwards (2015)

  • Giangan: Zorc (p.c.)

  • Danao: Allison (1979)

  • Minahasan: Sneddon (1978)

  • Sangiric: Sneddon (1984)

  • Celebic: Mead (2003)

  • Central Maluku: Collins (1983)

  • Greater North Bornean: Smith (2017) thesis

  • Greater Barito: Smith (2018)

Map: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1o8bpvUZ9E9xZ2H4mlDuIyC2FqfwcZWrv&usp=sharing

Malayo-Polynesian primary splits

• 1. Philippine (linkage)

  2. Ati

  3. Chamorro

  4. Palauan

  5. Celebic

  6. South Sulawesi

  7. West Indonesian

     1. Great North Bornean

     2. Greater Barito

     3. (various)

  8. Sumatran

  9. Enggano

  10. Moklenic

  11. CEMP linkage

• • 1. Oceanic

    2. (various)

Malayo-Polynesian classification (expanded)

• 1. Philippine (linkage)

     1. Bashiic

  2. Northern Luzon

• • 1. Arta

    2. NE Luzon

    3. Umiray Dumaget (?)

    4. Ilokano

    5. Cagayan Valley

    6. South-Central Cordilleran

       1. Northern Alta

       2. Southern Alta

       3. Central Cordilleran

       4. Southern Cordilleran

• 3. Manide-Alabat (and other Agta)

  4. Central Luzon

• • 1. Sinauna

    2. Kapampangan

    3. Sambalic

• 5. North Mangyan

• • 1. Alangan

    2. Iraya

    3. Tadyawan

• 6. Central Philippine

• • 1. Tagalog

    2. Bikol

    3. Bisayan

    4. East Mindanao (Mansakan)

• 7. South Mangyan

• • 1. Buhid

    2. Tawbuid

       1. Bangon (Eastern)

       2. Batangan (Western)

    3. Hanuno'o

• 8. Kalamianic

• • 1. Kalamian Tagbanwa

    2. Agutaynen

• 9. Palawanic

     2. 1. Palawan Batak

• • 1. Aborlan Tagbanwa

    2. Central Tagbanwa

    3. Palawano

    4. Subanen

       1. Western

       2. Nuclear

          1. West

          2. East

    5. Danao

• • • 1. Maguindanao

      2. Iranun

      3. Maranao

• • 6. Manobo

    7. Giangan

    8. Bilic

• • • 1. Tiruray (?)

      2. Tboli

      3. Koronadal Blaan (Tagalagad)

      4. Sarangani Blaan (Tumanao)

• • 9. Sangiric

• • • 1. North

         1. Talaud

         2. Sangirese

      2. South

• • • • 1. Bantik

        2. Ratahan

• • 10. Minahasan

• • • 1. Tonsawang

      2. North Minahasan

         1. Tontemboan

         2. Northeast

            1. Tondano

            2. Tombulu (Minahasa)

            3. Tonsea

• • 11. Gorontalo-Mongondow

• • • 1. Gorontalic

      2. Mongondowic

• 10. Ati

  11. Chamorro

  12. Palauan

  13. Celebic

• • 1. Tomini–Tolitoli

    2. Kaili–Pamona

    3. Wotu–Wolio

    4. Eastern

       1. Saluan–Banggai

       2. Southeastern

          1. Bungku–Tolaki

          2. Muna–Buton

• 14. South Sulawesi

• • 1. Bugis

    2. Makassar

    3. Northern

    4. Seko

• 15. Sumatran

• • 1. Gayo

• 16. Batak

  17. Simeulue

  18. Nias

  19. Mentawai

  20. Nasal

  21. Enggano

  22. Moklenic

• • 1. Moken

    2. Moklen

1. West Indonesian

   1. Lampungic

   2. Sundanese

   3. Javanese

   4. Madurese

   5. Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

   6. Basap-Greater Barito (linkage)

      1. 1. Basap

         2. Greater Barito (linkage)

            1. Sama-Bajaw

            2. Tunjung

            3. NW

            4. SW

            5. SE

            6. CE

            7. NE

            8. (Malagasy)

• • 1. Greater North Bornean

       1. Land Dayak

          1. Banyadu-Bekati

          2. Bidayuh-Southern Land Dayak

       2. Central Sarawak

• • • • 1. Melanau

        2. Kajang

        3. Punan-Müller-Schwaner

• • 1. 3. Kayanic

• • • • 1. Kayan-Murik-Merap

        2. Segai-Modang

• • 1. 4. Greater Malayic

• • • • 1. Malayic

        2. Chamic

        3. Acehnese

• • 1. 5. North Bornean

• • • • 1. NE Sabah

           1. Bonggi

           2. Ida'an

        2. SW Sabah

• • • • • 1. Greater Dusunic

          2. Greater Murutic

• • • • 3. North Sarawak

• • • • • 1. Bintulu

          2. Berawan-Lower Beram

          3. Dayic

          4. Kenyah

1. 7. CEMP area

• • 1. Bima

1. 8. Sumba-Flores

• • 1. Sumba-Hawu

    2. Ende-Manggarai

1. 9. Flores-Lembata

   10. Teor-Kur

• • 1. Teor

    2. Kur

1. 11. Aru

   12. Central Maluku

• • • 1. West Central Maluku

      2. Ambelau

      3. Buru–Sula–Taliabo

• • 1. East Central Maluku

       1. Banda–Geser

       2. East Seram

       3. Nunusaku

1. 13. Timoric

   14. Kowiai

   15. Selaru

• • 1. Selaru

    2. Seluwasan

1. 16. Kei-Tanimbar

• • • 1. Kei–Fordata

• • 1. Yamdena–North Bomberai

    2. Eastern

       1. South Halmahera

       2. Western New Guinea

       3. Oceanic

          1. Admiralties (linkage)

          2. Western (linkage)

          3. Central-Eastern (linkage)

             1. Polynesian

             2. (various)