6. Substrata

Today, Austroasiatic substrata and loanwords can be found in:

    1. East Asian region

      1. Hmong-Mien

      2. Kra

      3. Be

      4. Jiamao

    2. Northeast India region

      1. Lepcha

      2. Kuki-Chin-Naga

      3. Sal

      4. Tani

      5. Mru-Khongso

    1. Insular Southeast Asian region

      1. Acehnese

      2. Kerinci Malay

      3. Bornean languages

Genetic evidence (distribution of Y-DNA haplogroup O2a) strongly supports this.