A quality assurance program describes all procedures necessary to maintain proper and consistent equipment operation. The goal is to keep the diagnostic quality of the ultrasound image at a consistently high level and to maintain patient and operator safety.
All clinical ultrasound facilities should have a good quality assurance program. Indeed, having a robust QA program is now a requirement for all accredited departments. The AIUM has an excellent document that describes in detail the components of a good QA program. You can access it here.
Here is a good pictorial article showing many examples of transducer and cable damage (link).
I have also created the three-part video series below that provides a good overview of quality assurance.
Also, a thorough explanation of statistical parameters such as Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, and Negative Predictive Value is provided below in Part 3 of the Quality Assurance videos.
Non-uniformity due to malfunctioning transducer crystal(s)
Two examples of lens cracking (courtesy of Journal of Ultrasound (2025) 28:543–549 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-025-01041-8 )
An overview of QA and an explanation of testing devices
Gray scale QA testing with tissue mimicking phantoms
Statistical parameter concepts (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, PPV & NPV)