Anion-doped TiO₂

NF-doped TiO₂

TTIP(4.2 mL, 3.951 g, 0.0139 mol) is put into ethanol (9.6 mL).
Then, NH₄F solution (12 mL, 0.0139 mol (or 0.5149 g) for 1:1 ratio) is added into the solution in a dropwise manner under vigorous stirring.
The solution is put into a Teflon lined autoclave and put into an oven at 200 ℃ for 24 h.
The precipitates are collected after filtering, washing and drying and calcination at 300 - 700 ℃.

TiOF₂

A mixture of 5 mL of Ti(OBu)₄ and 0.8 mL of hydrofluoric acid solution is put into a Teflon lined autoclave and kept at 200 ℃ for 24 h.
The precipitates are collected after washing with deionized water and ethanol, and drying

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