Medicine & Health
The Use of Sustained-Release Latanoprost Implants to Increase the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase for the Treatment of Glaucoma
David Duan
Medicine & Health
David Duan
Glaucoma is an eye disease where the trabecular meshwork (spongy, porous tissue) located near the cornea is blocked, preventing excess liquid (aqueous humor) from draining out. As a result, the pressure inside the eye increases and impairs the optic nerve, which is responsible for sending visual input to the brain. As the leading cause of blindness, Glaucoma affects around 3 million Americans. Patients often experience loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision), redness in the eye, and halos around light sources. Fortunately, there are many types of medications to either reduce the production of liquid, increase the outflow, or a combination of both. Past research has found that the category of glaucoma drugs that is the most effective are prostaglandin analogues such as Latanoprost and Bimatoprost. These medications work by increasing the expression of an enzyme in our body called matrix metalloproteinase, MMP for short. Their primary role is to rebuild and remodel the drainage sites in the eye, making them more permeable for fluids to pass through. However, the current delivery method of daily eye drops is ineffective because of high costs, difficulty in application, and forgetfulness in the elderly. As a result, on average, patients only properly took the medication 37% of the time. For my research, I will be studying the application of a small capsule that contains the drug latanoprost. Previous studies have researched the effect of Bimatoprost capsules, but Latanoprost drops have been shown to be a safer alternative. The capsule would be inserted intracamerally (the outer chamber of the eye) and slowly release the medication over a span of six months. Researchers would use a laser to clog up the trabecular meshwork to artificially increase the pressure inside of the eye. The implant would be applied at different dosages to maximize effectiveness. If there is an improvement in the experimental group (implant) when compared to the control group (eye drops), patients would be able to experience the true benefits of the drug and prevent further progression.