There are three main groups of materials that you need to know about. Ideally you need to know the names and properties of (at least):
2 x Hardwoods & 2 x Softwoods - found in 'Working knowledge of natural timbers' section; 2 x types of manufactured boards; 2 x Metals (ideally 2 x ferrous and 2 x non-ferrous); 2 x Plastics. Click the links below to take you to the relevant pages to find out more information.
NB Create a revision card list for Materials making sure that you can name two of each type of material. Then add properties to those materials. In any answer you give try to always name a material.