Studio Habits of Mind from Studio Thinking: The Real Benefits of Visual Arts Education, Hetland, Winner, et al, Teachers College Press, 2007.
Reflection of the artistic process plays a vital role developing skills, creativity, and problem-solving skills. In the art room, we strive to help the district achieve our goal of "increasing student literacy achievement: in all its forms". The reflection process not only helps students practice forms of writing, but also helps develop their artistic voice. The process is also vital to assessing understanding of processes, terms, and artistic concepts rather than just the final production.
The beauty of standards based grading is that it can transform to fit the needs of the class. In the art room, we heavily focus on growth. The entire structure of the class revolves around the building and practice of skills. The student's ability to grow with the skills learned throughout the course of the class determines his or her final grade rather than ability alone.
Think of the rubric as a graph. At the start of the semester or term, we are just learning new skills and concepts. Therefore, the expectation is that students are achieving a BE and DE level. Students who achieve that level or above will receive an A.
Once students learn and master a specific skill, it is not a 'one-and-done' thing. The skills build upon one another and become more advanced as the course progresses. For example, students spend a unit learning how to shade and make forms appear 3D in drawing. That is a skill that they will continue to practice with every project and therefore should be PR or AD by the end in order to maintain a high grade.
Students who may already exhibit PR or AD skills at the start of the course are expected to push themselves and still show growth. If not, he or she will not maintain an A.
To summarize, one doesn't not have to be gifted with natural artistic ability in order to be successful in art class. One has to be willing to try new things, work hard, practice, learn from mistakes, and challenge him or herself.