#2 Major subfields and career opportunities that comprise psychology 

List and explain the major subfields of psychology 

1. Identifying the different subfields of psychology, such as clinical, counseling, social, experimental, school, and developmental psychology

2. Recognizing applied specializations, including forensic, community, industrial/organizational, human factors, cross-cultural, sports, or rehabilitation psychology, among others

3. Explaining the differences between a psychologist and psychiatrist

4. Exploring career opportunities for college graduates with psychology majors 

#4  Purposes and basic concepts of statistics  

A. Define descriptive statistics and explain how they are used by behavioral scientists.   

1. Providing examples of situations in which descriptive statistics can be used to organize and analyze information.

2. Explaining how statistical analysis can add value to the interpretation of behavior.

3. Citing a statistical finding to strengthen an argument.

B. Explain and describe measures of central tendency and variability. 

1. Calculating the mean, median, and mode for a set of data

2. Explaining the characteristics of a normal distribution

3. Providing examples of psychological variables that tend to be normally distributed

4. Applying the concepts of variability, such as range and standard deviation, to supplement information about central tendency in a normal distribution 

C. Describe the concept of correlation and explain how it is used in psychology

1. Differentiating between positive, negative, and zero correlations

2. Identifying and providing examples of how correlations can be used to predict future behavior or performance

3. Explaining the difference between correlation and causation 

D. Recognize how inferential statistics are used in psychological research. 

1. Recognizing the basic process that psychologists use to draw statistical inferences

2. Defining statistical significance as a statement of probability

3. Recognizing limitations in interpretation of statistical significance 

#6  Development of psychology as an empirical science  

A. Discuss psychology's roots in philosophy and natural science   

1. Describing the form psychology took before the 20th century (e.g., Aristotle, Locke)

2. Summarizing some 19th century scientific research findings (e.g., Helmholtz, Weber, and Fechner)

3. Analyzing how philosophical issues become psychological when tested empirically

B. Describe the emergence of experimental psychology. 

1. Defining psychophysics and describing its impact on empirical psychology

2. Identifying Wilhelm Wundt's contributions to experimental psychology

3. Comparing philosophical argument with the empirical method 

C. Recognize the diversity of psychological theories in the 20th and 21st centuries. 

1. Describing the 20th and 21st centuries "schools" of psychology (e.g., behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology, cognitive psychology)

2. Showing how different theories of psychology produce different explanations of a particular behavior (e.g., truancy, altruism)

3. Explaining the growing influence of new approaches to psychology (e.g., positive psychology, behavioral genetics, or the study and practice of psychology at the beginning of the 21st century) 

D. Describe psychology's increasing inclusiveness of diverse interests and constituents. 

1. Comparing the diverse topics that generate contemporary research with early research emphases

2. Identifying how research biases have influenced research design and scope

3. Exploring reasons why psychology had more limited participation from women and ethnic minorities in its early stages

4. Highlighting contributions by ethnic minority psychologists

5. Describing historical events and processes affecting the experiences and opportunities of minority groups