Embedded Files
Alexis Berg , Abby Milarch, Jolene Bonner, Kylie VanDenBerge
Green Mobility's Mission
Green Mobility's Mission
The SAP Transportation Project aims to design and implement practical, sustainable, and accessible transportation solutions that enhance student engagement and promote awareness of SAP’s mission. By improving connectivity and mobility, this initiative seeks to strengthen the relationship between SAP and the broader GVSU campus community, fostering greater participation and visibility.
EcoCreative Consultants is thrilled to offer our knowledge and originality to this endeavour. At Greenprint, we believe that meaningful stakeholder cooperation, systems thinking, and careful investigation lead to real, sustainable solutions. Following these guidelines, our group will aspire to create workable plans that complement SAP's objectives and strengthen its dedication to environmental responsibility. Our approach will involve research, transport system mapping, and the creation of innovative models and suggestions that SAP can work with in the real world over the course of the semester. Possible suggestions include establishing a bike-sharing program, connecting to the Laker Line bus stop system, and looking at other mobility projects that support accessibility and sustainability. Every suggestion will be supported by data, driven by stakeholders, and consistent with SAP's overarching goals of inclusivity and sustainability.
Accessibility plays a critical role in SAP’s vision to be an open and engaged learning environment. Enhanced transportation options not only improve physical access but also expand educational, research, and community opportunities. By increasing both access and awareness, this project will help SAP continue to serve as a leading example of sustainability in practice, bridging environmental goals with community impact.
Asset & Stakeholder Map
Asset & Stakeholder Map
Our Team's Roles
Our Team's Roles
Lex Berg - Writing and Design Consultant
Serves as the writer and designer for our team. Has a background in professional writing and research design. Current intern at SAP as a web designer, working on improving and updating the overall information and design appeal of their webpages. With expertise in both the creativity and the functionality of a project's design and implementation of the team’s goals through written communication.
Abby Milarch - Public Relations Researcher
Serves as the researcher and connection between our team and other GVSU students. In this role, I consult with other students to understand their awareness of the SAP and their transportation limitations. Specifically, I am working on researching sustainable transportation options, such as bike sharing. I have expertise in writing, research, communication, and statistics.
Jolene Bonner - Project Manager
Serves as the project manager and coordinator for our team. Has a background in leadership roles from student organizations, as well as other design projects, such as design charrettes, with both middle school and college students. In my role, I help facilitate meetings and meeting times, create documents, and ensure our deliverables both for the week and the project are submitted on time.
Kylie VanDenBerge-Communications Liaison.
Serves as the connection between our team and SAP for our current project. In this role, they coordinate communication, ensure smooth information flow, and keep all parties aligned on project goals. As a current intern at SAP, they have developed strong communication and collaboration skills, allowing them to work easily and effectively with Isak, the SAP Manager, to support project progress and resolve any issues efficiently.
Environmental Impacts
Environmental Impacts
Research shows that sustainable transportation is one of the most effective ways to reduce environmental impacts and create cleaner, more efficient cities. Public transportation systems play a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, alleviating congestion, and lowering overall energy consumption. Studies such as Jing et al. (2022) and data from the Kansas City Area Transportation Authority (2025) reveal that switching from single-occupancy vehicles to public transit can reduce CO₂ emissions by up to 30% and save millions of gallons of fuel each year.
At the same time, innovation and integration are key. Research by Saltykova et al. (2022) highlights that options like bike-sharing only achieve real environmental benefits when they replace car trips, not when they pull riders away from already low-emission public transit. Oeschger et al. (2020) further emphasize the importance of combining micromobility options such as e-scooters and shared bikes with public transportation to create seamless, eco-friendly travel experiences.
Tools like the Sustainable Transport Planning Index (Ghafouri-Azar et al., 2023) are helping cities and organizations measure progress, identify areas for improvement, and make data-driven decisions that strengthen environmental performance.
Together, these studies make one thing clear: sustainable transportation isn’t just about getting from point A to point B—it’s about building the foundation for a cleaner, smarter, and more connected future. As cities and partners like SAP plan for the next generation of mobility, investing in integrated, low-emission transit systems will be essential for achieving lasting environmental impact and improving the health of the beautiful nature surrounding the campus and SAP!
Sustainable Transportation (Milarch)
Sustainable Transportation (Milarch)
Research shows that bike sharing programs can increase accessibility and transportation opportunities for college students. One of the reasons that many students don't visit the SAP is because they do not have a convenient way to get there. With a bike sharing program or inclusion of the SAP on bus routes, more students would be able to access this great campusr resource.
Survey results from other campuses have shown that a majority of students are willing to pay a small fee for a yearly membership to a bike sharing program, affording students greater access than before. (Ashley, J., 2025). For students without cars or convenient access to a bicycle, getting to the SAP is quite difficult, but a bike sharing program would allow these students to borrow a bicycle to get to the SAP and return it to a location on campus after.
Bike sharing programs also allow for parking spaces to be turned into more functional buildings due to less need for cars. These programs provide exercise and fresh air for students, as well. Biking is great for the environment and for reducing emissions. Studies across other campuses and cities have proven that biking and bike sharing programs can greatly reduce transportation emissions. (Göçer, Ö., 2019). Adding the SAP to the bus route could be possible, but that doesn't allow for these other benefits. Biking is great for accessibility, health, and sustainability.
When college campuses are pedestrian friendly, students feel more comfortable getting around without a car. Biking can be a convenient way to get to class and other campus activities. Sustainable transportation is very possible on pedestrian friendly campuses, espeically when the university is dedicated to making the campus biking and walking friendly. (Balsas, C. J. L., 2002). Grand Valley is great at making campus pedestrian and bicycle friendly, but nearby locations that are off campus are not as easy to access. A bike sharing program would help combat this problem.
Food Accessibility (Bonner)
Food Accessibility (Bonner)
Universities
Universities
Food accessibility has become a growing challenge on college campuses, where many students struggle to secure consistent, affordable meals. Tripathy et al. (2024) found that nearly one-third of students at a large public university experienced food insecurity in the past year. This issue was most common among first-generation students, commuters, students of color, and those without reliable transportation. The study also revealed that food insecurity significantly impacts students’ academic performance, social connections, and overall well-being—making it an equity issue as much as an economic one.
Beyond campus, Meenar and Spencer (2025) examined how small-town residents perceive local food access and equity. They found that transportation barriers, limited information about food resources, and affordability challenges all play major roles in shaping who has access to food. Community and home gardens emerged as promising solutions, offering people more control over their food sources while strengthening community ties.
Nutrition
Nutrition
Food accessibility and nutrition are closely connected issues on college campuses. They influence both student health and academic success. Dickinson (2024) found that many college students skip meals because of financial issues, lack of time, or difficulties in finding affordable and healthy options. The study highlighted that urban mobility is important. Students without reliable transportation often depend on nearby fast food or convenience stores, which usually do not offer healthy choices. This leads to both hunger and poor nutrition, creating cycles of stress and academic challenges.
In another study, Mensah and Oyebode (2022) examined how young adults choose food in university settings. They discovered that students often focus on quantity and cost rather than nutritional value when selecting meals. Fast and cheap food choices frequently outweigh healthier options, showing how cost and convenience influence eating habits. This trend contributes to nutritional gaps that affect students’ long-term health.
Meanwhile, Oo et al. (2019) suggested a practical and sustainable solution through “gleaning” programs at campus farms. These programs collect surplus produce to cut down on waste while providing food for students in need. These initiatives not only tackle hunger but also give access to fresh, nutritious food and promote sustainability.
Access
Access
Access to reliable transportation is crucial for food security, especially for college students and city residents. Dickinson (2024) found that many students skip meals not only due to financial problems but also because transportation issues limit their access to affordable grocery stores or campus dining. Students who rely on public transit or walking often face challenges related to time, costs, and distance. This situation often leads them to opt for nearby convenience foods or, in some instances, to skip meals altogether. The connection between mobility and food access highlights how transportation systems influence daily well-being and fairness on campus.
Building on this idea, Hossain and Kashem (2025) developed a framework linking transportation reliability to food security. They suggest that a community’s ability to maintain dependable access to food during difficult times, such as extreme weather, economic troubles, or infrastructure failures, depends on an effective transportation network. Without this network, food distribution systems may weaken, increasing the risk of food insecurity for certain groups, including students and low-income residents.
Economics of Sustainable Transportation
Economics of Sustainable Transportation
Adding sustainable transportation options to GVSU’s Sustainable Agriculture Project (SAP)—such as sidewalks or transit connections—offers both environmental and economic benefits.
🚶♀️ Health and Accessibility Gains Gunn et al. (2014) highlight that installing sidewalks is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions. By encouraging walking, sidewalks not only promote physical activity and reduce chronic disease risk, but also provide safe, low-cost access to SAP for students, staff, and community members. This is especially critical for those without personal vehicles, ensuring equitable participation in SAP’s educational and agricultural initiatives.
🚌 Reducing Car Dependence and Saving Money Bond & Steiner (2006) demonstrate that campus investments in sustainable transit systems—such as shuttle services, bike-share programs, and improved bus connectivity—can significantly reduce car usage. This shift not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions but also yields long-term financial benefits for both the institution and its users. Fewer cars mean reduced infrastructure costs, less maintenance, and lower parking demand.
⚠️ Avoiding Hidden Costs of Inaction Koba et al. (2024) warn that neglecting sustainable transport leads to hidden social and economic costs. These include increased pollution, traffic accidents, and barriers to access for marginalized groups. Without inclusive mobility options, SAP risks becoming an exclusive space, undermining its mission of sustainability and community engagement.
💰 Ensuring Long-Term Viability Wang (2025) advocates for life-cycle cost analysis in transportation planning. This approach ensures that initial investments in infrastructure—such as sidewalks or transit hubs—are evaluated not only for upfront costs but also for their long-term sustainability, maintenance needs, and economic return. It’s a framework that aligns perfectly with SAP’s ethos of responsible stewardship.
🌱 A Holistic Investment in Sustainability Together, these studies underscore that enhancing walkability and transit access to SAP is more than a green initiative—it’s a smart, inclusive, and future-proof investment. It supports GVSU’s broader goals of environmental responsibility, public health, financial prudence, and social equity. By prioritizing sustainable transportation, GVSU can transform SAP into a model of integrated sustainability that benefits the entire campus and surrounding community.
Prototypes
Prototypes
Shared E-Bike and Scooter System Fueled by Renewable Energy
Our first prototype envisions a network of renewable energy–powered e-bikes and scooters strategically located near GVSU’s busiest academic and residential areas. This initiative is designed to provide eco-friendly “last-mile” transportation, enabling students to navigate efficiently between essential campus locations while minimizing their carbon footprint. It stems from student feedback that emphasizes the need for greener and more adaptable solutions to enhance public transit. By incorporating SAP’s sustainability data systems and intelligent infrastructure tools, a shared system such as this showcases SAP's dedication to innovation, environmental stewardship, and user-focused design, positioning the university as a leading example of sustainable mobility on campus.
Smart Campus Shuttle Pilot
The final prototype is SAP Shuttle, which reimagines GVSU’s transportation network through a smart, student-informed shuttle system powered by SAP’s data-driven technology. This pilot introduces real-time tracking, adaptive routing, and flexible scheduling to close service gaps in the existing shuttle system, particularly for students with evening classes or off-campus housing. By leveraging SAP’s intelligent mobility tools, the program enhances accessibility, safety, and convenience while modeling how advanced analytics can drive sustainable transportation innovation. Reflecting SAP’s mission to apply technology for social good, the SAP Shuttle+ transforms traditional campus transit into a responsive, student-centered solution that strengthens connectivity and inclusivity across the university community.
Campus Carpool Network App - RideConnect
Our second prototype is an innovative online platform designed to bring together GVSU students, faculty, and staff who want to share rides based on their routes, schedules, and eco-friendly preferences. By integrating social networking with transportation solutions, this network fosters a sense of community while addressing key campus issues such as limited parking, lengthy commutes, and the need for affordable options. Utilizing SAP’s expertise in data management and collaboration tools, the platform features a smart matching system that promotes shared and environmentally responsible travel. In line with SAP’s vision for smarter, more interconnected communities, a campus carpool encourages cost-effective and sustainable mobility, transforming daily commutes into chances for connection and reducing carbon footprints.
Summary
Summary
Our team is in the early stages of developing several initiatives designed to promote sustainable, student-centered transportation options that align with SAP’s mission and enhance connectivity across the GVSU campus. Our mission is to increase transportation options to the SAP, while also increasing awareness of the SAP across campus.
References
References
Environmental Impacts
1.Miller, P., de Barros, A.G., Kattan, L. et al. (2016). Public transportation and sustainability: A review. KSCE J Civ Eng, Volume 20, 1076–1083. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12205-016-0705-0
2.Saltykova, K., Xiaolei Ma, Yao, L., Kong, H. (2022). Environmental impact assessment of bike-sharing considering the modal shift from public transit, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Volume 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103238
3.Ghafouri‐Azar, M., Diamond, S., Bowes, J., & Gholamalizadeh, E. (2023). The Sustainable Transport Planning Index: A tool for the sustainable implementation of public transportation. Sustainable Development, 31(4), 2656–2677. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2537
4.Authority, K. C. A. T. (2025). Environmental benefits of public transit. KCATA. https://www.kcata.org/about_kcata/entries/environmental_benefits_of_public_transit
5.Jing, Q.-L., Liu, H.-Z., Yu, W.-Q., & He, X. (2022). The Impact of Public Transportation on Carbon Emissions—From the Perspective of Energy Consumption. Sustainability, 14(10), 6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106248
6.Oeschger, G., Carroll, P., Caulfield, B. (2020). Micromobility and public transport integration: The current state of knowledge, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. Volume 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102628
Sustainable Transportation
Aliari, S., Nasri, A., Nejad, M. M., & Haghani, A. (2020, July 8). Toward sustainable travel: An analysis of campus bikeshare use. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198220300737#ab0010
Ashley, J. (2025, August 16). Bike Sharing as Alternative Transportation at Bridgewater State University. core.ac.uk. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48826888.pdf
Balsas, C. J. L. (2002, November 19). Sustainable transportation planning on college campuses.Transport Policy. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X02000288?casa_token=1sGoIjDMcBUAAAAA:wxZcoP0FwuF_kkD6GqQr-d2RS5iHZyAqJFB3Io4uKdAaXkamiEu6ZX9ASgqcxzjXT9dl1sYNKA#aep-abstract-id6
DeMaio, P. (2022, October 11). Bike-sharing: History, Impacts, Models of Provision, and Future. Journal of Public Transportation. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X22002600
Göçer, Ö. (2019, February 15). The effects of transportation modes on campus use: A case study of a suburban campus. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213624X18302463?casa_token=kHSxZsQheNsAAAAA:WDIWAskeDUQQRH7jEMyTn0U5PwqWjsRmue1hdvaqIjYixs9D_fJkmpKZBVn-pepPWqnu0ZXRqQ#s0005
Hentz Leister, E., Vairo, N., Sims, D., & Bopp, M. (2018, August 23). Understanding bike share reach, use, access and function: An exploratory study. Sustainable Cities and Society.. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670718307893?casa_token=q9VPg4iLJT0AAAAA:T_zllBIR1lDrWpGZSg3B2ahqpm3Wq3Qc3VHf5J167xMgXpDIHExj__2DhnPA1QLzTNfB7N2BZw#abs0010
Food Accessibility
Dickinson, M. (2024). Skipping meals on campus: college student food insecurity and urban mobility. Food, Culture & Society, 27(3), 828–845. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2023.2187579
Meenar, M., & Spencer, L. (2025). Community perceptions of small-town food environments, food equity, and home-based food cultivation: Insights from a community-engaged research study. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems & Community Development, 14(3), 273–291. https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2025.143.027
Mensah, D. O., & Oyebode, O. (2022). “We think about the quantity more”: factors influencing emerging adults’ food outlet choice in a university food environment, a qualitative enquiry. Nutrition Journal, 21(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-022-00801-0
Oo, K., Stephenson, T., Hege, A., Brewer, D., Gamboa, L., Hildesheim, L., Serra, L., Houlihan, J., & Koempel, A. (2019). Gleaning from Campus Farms: Sustainable Approach to Reducing Waste and Addressing Food Insecurity. NACTA Journal, 63(2), 354–359.
Shahadat Hossain, & Shakil Bin Kashem. (2025). Transportation resilience and food security: developing a conceptual framework through literature review. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1569474
Tripathy, K., Bhasin, R., McKinzie, R., Sackett, A., Storrs, M.-E., & Janda, K. M. (2024). Food insecurity disparities and impact on academic and social experiences among college students at a large public university. Journal of American College Health, 72(9), 3740–3747. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2023.2194435
Economics of Sustainable Transportation
Gunn LD, Lee Y, Geelhoed E, Shiell A, Giles-Corti B. The cost-effectiveness of installing sidewalks to increase levels of transport walking and health. Prev Med. 2014 Oct;67:322-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.041. Epub 2014 Aug 11. PMID: 25124280.m
Bond, A., & Steiner, R. (2006). Sustainable Campus Transportation through Transit Partnership and Transportation Demand Management: A Case Study from the University of Florida. Berkeley Planning Journal, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.5070/BP319111492
Lanthorn, vol. 51, no. 43, February 16, 2017. (2017).
Etukudoh, E. A., Adefemi, A., Ilojianya, V. I., Umoh, A. A., Ibekwe, K. I., & Nwokediegwu, Z. Q. S. (2024). A Review of sustainable transportation solutions: Innovations, challenges, and future directions. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(1), 1440–1452. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0173
Koba, R., Lipka, P., Kalinowski, M., Czaplewski, K., Witkowska, J., & Weintrit, A. (2024). External Transport Costs and Implications for Sustainable Transport Policy. Sustainability, 16(22), 9687. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229687
Wang, J. (2025). Evaluating the Challenges and Strategies in Implementing Sustainable Project Management for Green Public Transportation Projects.
John Ma. (2024, February 5). Sustainability and Green Transportation in Michigan – State Regs Today. https://www.stateregstoday.com/living/public-transportation/sustainability-and-green-transportation-in-michigan
Page updated
Report abuse