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Sound is a longitudinal wave that passes through matter. Sound waves are caused by any object vibrating. As the particles vibrate there are some positions were many particles collect together to form a dense area called a compression. Particles move away from other areas to leave a low density area called a rarefaction.
Sound needs a medium to pass through, so it cannot travel through a vacuum. In air sound travels at a speed of around 340m/s but in water it is faster at about 1500m/s and in a metal like Iron it travels even faster at about 5000m/s. In general the denser the medium the faster the speed of sound.
The higher the frequency of the sound wave the higher pitch it sounds. Humans are able to hear any sounds in the range of 20Hz to 20,000Hz.
The higher the amplitude of a sound wave the louder it sounds.
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