Learning objectives
List the characteristics of living things (Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition)
Respiration:
State that respiration occurs in every cell of the human body
Recall the word equation for aerobic respiration
Discuss the importance of respiration in providing energy for life process such as growth and movement.
Outline how in the absence of sufficient Oxygen, our bodies will produce energy via anaerobic respiration
Digestion and Food:
Recall the following nutrient groups: Carbohydrates (Starch and Sugar), Protein, Fat, Fibre, Vitamins and minerals and Water.
Outline how our bodies use each of these nutrient groups as well as the types of food in which each of these nutrients is typically found.
State examples of vitamins and minerals that our bodies require and state the functions that they are used for.
Carry out tests to determine if a substance contains starch, glucose, fat or protein
State the names of key body organs that make up the digestive system. Label them on a diagram and describe their functions
describe the different stages in the process of digestion
Compare mechanical and chemical digestion
Explain the role of enzymes in digestion.
Outline how Amylase helps to break down starch into smaller glucose molecules that can then pass into the blood-stream through the walls of the small intestine.
Outline how Protease helps to break down protein into smaller amino acid molecules that can then pass into the blood-stream through the walls of the small intestine.
Outline how Lipase helps to break down lipids into smaller fatty acid and glycerol molecules that can then pass into the blood-stream through the walls of the small intestine.
Explain how the Villi lead to an increased rate of absorption in the small intestine
State that enzymes work best at an optimum temperature and pH level.
Circulation:
Outline the main function of the circulatory system
Describe the physical differences between capillaries, arteries and veins and understand the reasons for these differences
State the main parts of the heart and be able to label them on a diagram.
Explain the basic workings of the heart, including the need for valves to prevent blood flowing backwards through the circulatory system
Describe the pathway of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood through the body.
Recall that the left hand side of the heart has thick muscular walls as it need to pump blood all around the body, while the right hand side of the heart only needs to circulate blood to the lungs
Compare the four main components of blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets) and describe how red blood cells are adapted for carrying Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Water and Glucose through our blood stream
Explain why a person's pulse rate will change during exercise.
Design and carry out an investigation into pulse rate.
Breathing:
Recall the approximate composition of the air that we both breathe in and out
State the key parts of the respiratory system and be able to label them on a diagram.
Describe how gas is exchanged between the alveoli and blood in the capillaries surrounding them.
Recall that the alveoli have a large surface area to allow gas exchange to occur quickly.
Explain how the diaphragm, ribs and intercostal muscles is involved in the breathing mechanism.
Describe the difference between respiration and breathing