Mathematics! It can be used to study ocean phenomenas , distance etc. Marine biologists often use algebra and trigonometry to make measurements. For example, in investigating how the light level at different depths affects the ability of algae to photosynthesize, marine biologists may utilize mathematical models, that range from logarithmic functions to hyperbolic tangent functions.

Here are are some formulas of maths used in oceans:

1. Wavelength = λ = Length between wave crests (or troughs)

2. Wave Number = κ = 2π/λ (units of 1/length)

3. Wave Period = T = Time it takes a wave crest to travel one.

4. Angular Frequency = ω = 2π/T (units of 1/time)

5. Wave Speed = C = ω/κ Distance a wave crest travels per unit.

6. Wave Height = 2a = Twice the wave amplitude.
   -By Tanishka Manoj (SMSMB)

For transporting goods from place to place; carrying passengers or supporting some missions like defense, research and fishing, a special large watercraft is used known as a ship. It has many parts, each playing an important role in its own but some of the 5 basic ones are rudder, anchor, bow, keel, accommodation and many more. The function of the rudder is to produce a transverse force and steering moment about the ship center of gravity by deflecting the water flow to the direction of the foil plane. It is important because it allows the captain of the ship to turn the ship around, like a steering wheel located in the cars. The anchor part of the ship functions to prevent the ship change its direction due to wind or current. It is attached to the ship with a chain or a cable. The function of the bow is to enable the hull to pass efficiently through the water. Its uses are also very simple, it’s the same as it functions but they are designed according to the speed of the ships. The function of the keel is to-

• Prevent the boat from being blown sideways by the wind.

• It holds the ballast that keeps the boat right-side up.

The use of the keel is to make the ship steady and make it easier to steer. The function of accommodation is that it accounts for the living space of the ship. The use of accommodation is simple that the passengers in the ship use it.

More than this, there are many more properties, functions and principles in a ship that gives us information, which are-

Archimedes principle – It works with the principle that the steel ship floats by displacing an amount of water equal to the weight of ship.

Stabilizing a tall ship - Ships having hotels need to be upright so they have wing stabilizers.

Dynamic Positioning- It is used in research ships and drilling vessels which go deep underwater where the winds and waves are constantly changing.

Bulbous Bow- Ships have a bulb like part which pushes out a bow wave to partially cancel the waves hitting the bow and provide “cutting through”.

Loading Ships-Plimsoll Line- Ships float at a depth of different density waters. The Plimsoll Line marks the level at which the ships float in the water at different locations.

-By Charvi Gupta (SMSMB)

The electrical energy created by harnessing the up-and-down motion of ocean waves is known as wave power or ocean wave energy. Floating turbine platforms that rise and fall with the swells are commonly used to generate wave power. Wave power, on the other hand, can be created by taking advantage of variations in air pressure in wave capture chambers facing the sea or changes in wave pressure on the ocean floor.

Wave energy converter, or WEC, devices convert ocean waves into electricity. Full-scale WEC devices are expected to be moored miles offshore in deep water, where wave energy is highest, according to researchers. Because WECs collect energy from waves of all sizes moving in numerous directions, the US Department of Energy is working to discover the sort of machine that can accomplish this task most effectively.

A range of interesting devices was recognized in the Wave Energy Prize, an 18-month competition that increased the energy collection potential of WECs. For example, grand-prize winner Aqua Harmonics created a point absorber with a five-fold improvement in energy collection capacity. Point absorbers are generally made up of two parts. One portion rides the surface waves, while the other is a stationary or slower moving section under the surface or attached to the seabed. The WEC flows quicker on the surface than it does underneath the surface.
-By Dishita Kaushik (SMSMB)

We people use mathematics every single time when we distribute or cook something, similarly sharks and other predatory animals use mathematics while they hunt for their prey. While hunting for prey, sharks follow a Lévy walk or flight characterized by short movements in random directions, disperse with occasional longer trips in a particular direction.

Biting forces of sharks – By looking onto the stress and strain on jaws many scientific researchers have found that the largest great whites have a bite force of up to 1.8 tonnes which is three times the biting force of an African Lion, and 20 times harder than a human can bite.

MEGALODON ANCIENT SHARKS

Scientists have found the remains of Megalodon, which are tend to be bigger than the great whites. Scientists also got to determine their size using mathematics and computer modelling.

Scientists age sharks by counting the rings on their vertebrae
-By Charvi Gupta (SMSMB)