Life is Heutagogy
Life is Heutagogy
本日課程邀請到被稱為「自學教父」的陳怡光先生(以下簡稱陳爸),來談談在家自學與實驗教育的落實,陳爸長期在國內在家自學的議題上發聲,努力推動自學生的受教權以及家長選擇教育的自由。無論是否認同他的信念,我認為陳爸的堅持與行動力,都值得一陣掌聲。
陳爸今日的分享比較像是對話:他花了一小段時間簡述了實驗教育的推動、修改、這一路走來的故事,而後一半的比重則放在回答同學的提問,儘管他並沒有回答到每一位同學的問題,「Ask something that can’t be googled」仍是開啟對話的好方法,仔細想想這不就是講者來的核心意義嗎?與其闡述那些google就能找到的答案,講者的個人經驗、立場及想法,也許才是一場演講最精華的成分。
如同現在社會分歧的看法,陳爸在分享他個人辦學經驗時,同學對於自學&實驗教育的質疑也不斷在提問區中出現,最多的疑問是:自學與實驗教育在實際執行上的可能缺陷、以及要付出的成本是否是每個人都能負擔的。我自己身邊有親友就讀實驗小學、或是在大學以前是參與團體共學的自學生,我想,不可否認目前的現況來說,自學及實驗教育確實是有足夠經濟基礎的家庭的「專利」,對於社經地位較低的家庭來說,自學及實驗教育或許根本不是一個選擇,導致現況的其中一個原因是,教育部有給予公立學校與一般私立學校補助、而自學及實驗教育則是幾乎沒有國家補助款的,為了達到教學理念,實驗教育者勢必要向家長端收取費用來辦學,因此對家庭來說,要支出的成本是很高的,我就讀實驗教育的親人一年的學費足夠我讀完四年的公立大學,然而不只是金錢,讓孩子在家自學的家長勢必要付出更多的心力 —如陳爸所說、犧牲交友及工作的時間— 來安排及執行孩子的教育。
此外,社會整體的價值觀、就業市場、職涯可能性等種種,都是選擇及執行教育方針的考量,也不能忽略體制內學校背後的隱形之手:教育部對學校的考績和評鑑、家長對學校成效的期待,都深深地影響著一所學校的經營。而面對究竟自學生會不會在人際互動上出現困難?實驗教育會不會無法接軌國立大學?等等的問題,凡事都是一體兩面,或許自學身份某方面限制了孩子職涯的選擇,但自學的經驗也可能成為孩子創業的基石。一個很重要的概念是,沒有所謂最好的教育、只有最適合的教育,自學教育或實驗教育彌補很多體制教育所不能做到的缺陷,但這並不代表,只有實驗教育才能培育出人才,或者説體制教育就不能培養出有創造力的學生,這些都是對教育方式的過度渲染及偏誤。
總結來說,在家自學和實驗教育的推動還未完,任何信念的執行都必經一段坎坷艱難的過渡期,唯有付諸行動才能讓所堅信的念想有實現的可能。
學生回饋
In recent years, there has been a heated debate about heutagogy, which is also known as self-learning. Some claim that self-learning is inefficient and cannot replace the role of conventional teaching methodologies like the talk and chalk approach, whereas some suggest that self-learning is the trend of the 21th century and it is more powerful than we thought if used properly. In this feedback, I would like to highlight some of the benefits of heutagogy to explain why I support Mr. Chan’s idea.
First and foremost, students can learn at a stable pace that they are comfortable with. It is universally agreed that every student has different abilities and learning speeds in terms of digesting new knowledge. Therefore, it is manifest that self-learning provides an avenue for students to empower themselves to take control of their learning process. During self-learning, students are able to make decisions on what they want to learn and when to stop so that they are not crammed with knowledge that they are unprepared or uninterested in to learn. This is vital for students since it reduces their frustration throughout their learning journey and it is the key for motivation. In contrast, students in traditional classroom are compelled to follow the ossified syllabus which may not be the most suitable learning schedule for students who have difficulties with learning.
Besides, self-learning encourages students to delve deeper into the topics and knowledges. As mentioned before, students who learn in conventional classrooms follow an ossified syllabus and it inevitably stifles students’ creativity to learn beyond the textbook. Worse still, students are assigned with loads of homework and exams which prevents them from investigating into knowledge since they lack free time. On the other hand, self-learning offers opportunities for students to explore the topics that they are interested in. Not only do they gain more free time to look for concepts or theories from this unrestrained learning method, but they also get a chance to evaluate their learning process with questions and curiosity so that they can focus on certain topics that they enjoy learning the most.
“Everyone is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.” This is the famous quote that Albert Einstein once said, and obviously it still works in the 21th century. We all have different ambitions and goals, then why don’t we study differently by self-learning? Traditional classroom is terrific, but it may not be the silver bullet for everyone, it is better that we coordinate our working schedule so as to discover our own abilities that make ourself different from the others and achieve our goals.
在家自學或在家教育(homeschooling)是指不進入學校系統,而靠家庭與社會資源的學習方式。自學的概念,在歐美國家其實已經行之有年,然而在台灣等亞洲國家,卻仍舊有許多家長及學生並不熟悉自學或實驗學校的實際運作方式,甚至認為自學就是放牛吃草。
我雖然沒有接受過自學或實驗教育,卻很幸運地在小學時就有機會了解到自學這項概念。成長的過程中,我身邊大多數的案例都是孩子希望有更多機會與時間學習自己所感興趣的事物,不用被學校的框架限制,但往往遭到父母反對,在我們家卻恰好相反。事實上,我的母親非常認同實驗教育,從小也不斷鼓勵我申請在家自學,然而我是一個較為循規蹈矩、做事嚴謹的學生,喜歡有正確答案的題目;再加上我是家中的獨生女,我總是很珍惜每天能夠到學校和同學相處的機會,也很享受需要團隊合作的活動。我很清楚自己非常適合傳統學校的生存規則,通常指令越明確、規定越繁複,我就發揮得越好。因此,當我的母親詢問我是否要跳脫體制,進行自學,我沒有接受這個選項。
然而,我並未因此而成為一個思想僵化的學生,即便接受所謂傳統的學習方式,我仍舊保有自己的思考模式,也會對於不認同的事物提出疑問。我認為自學的關鍵並不在於是否離開學校,而是在於是否具備能從生活中不斷觀察、學習、自我反思與面對挑戰的能力。
在學習方式上,可以粗略地將學生分為兩種—視覺圖像型與聽覺序列型。而狹義的自學通常較適合視覺圖像型的學習者,也就是較富有想像力與創造力的一群人,自學提供他們更廣闊的空間以及更彈性的時間,讓視覺圖像型的學習者能夠發揮所長,不受框架限制。反之,多數的聽覺序列學習者傾向有條理的系統性學習,自學的概念對於他們來說太過空泛與自由,反而使其無所適從。上述現象雖非絕對,但過猶不及,若未依據學習類型實行不同的教育方式,僅一昧的追求在家自學,便可能落入和義務教育一樣的結局。
自學不是教育的特效藥,選擇脫離傳統的教育體制固然可以擁有較為寬廣的學習空間與較有彈性的學習方式,卻不見得適合每個人。現代教育以因材施教、適性發展作為重要目標,那麼就應該賦予每個學生選擇的權利,無論是傳統學校,或是實驗教育、在家自學,都需要根據學生不同的個性與學習方式去做最合適的調配。
活動剪影
講者陳爸的背景經歷
講座開始陳爸先以提問方式開啟整場演講
運用Sli.do同學們踴躍參與提問
最後,陳爸也歡迎同學們講座後可以繼續提問