Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is a proactive and systematic framework aimed at improving student behavior, academic performance, and school climate. It is an evidence-based approach that emphasizes teaching and reinforcing positive behaviors rather than solely focusing on punishment (Sugai & Horner, 2006). PBIS is implemented in a tiered model, typically consisting of three levels:
Tier 1 (Universal Prevention) – This level focuses on establishing clear behavioral expectations for all students and consistently reinforcing positive behaviors school-wide. Schools use strategies such as social-emotional learning, clear rules, and positive reinforcement to encourage appropriate behavior (Bradshaw et al., 2010).
Tier 2 (Targeted Interventions) – At this level, students who require additional behavioral support receive targeted interventions such as small-group instruction, mentorship programs, or behavioral contracts to address specific needs (Horner et al., 2010).
Tier 3 (Intensive Individualized Support) – This tier involves personalized interventions for students with the most significant behavioral challenges. Strategies may include functional behavior assessments (FBA) and individualized behavior intervention plans (Sugai et al., 2000).
The core principles of PBIS include using data-driven decision-making, implementing consistent positive reinforcement, and creating supportive school environments that foster social-emotional development. Research suggests that schools implementing PBIS experience reductions in disciplinary actions, improved student engagement, and enhanced academic outcomes (Bradshaw et al., 2012).