Data-Based Interventions

Making Intervention Decisions

"A defining feature of PBIS is continuous improvement driven by data. Teams collect and analyze data to diagnose problems or gaps and select strategies to address these challenges. Data tell us which strategies are most effective so we continue to include them in our repertoire." - Center on PBIS (2025).

Types of Data

Implementation Fidelity Data assesses if practices are being applied in the way they were intended and if the system is supporting the practices.

Student Outcome Data includes academic performance, discipline rates, attendance, and school climate information.

Screening Data comes from tools such as Universal Screeners. They can provide information about which students may be at risk and need additional supports. Screeners can also show an overview of how all students are doing.

Decision-Making Systems

The Team-Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) framework is one way that teams can use data systematically to make decisions. The model includes these steps:

1. Identify the Problem with Precision:

‍What is the problem you’re trying to solve?
Where is the problem happening?‍
When is the problem likely to occur?‍
Who contributes to the problem most often?‍
Why does the problem seem to keep happening?

2. Identify a Goal:

What does success look like?
When do you expect to resolve the problem?
How will you measure success?

3. Identify Solutions and Create a Plan:

What are we going to do?
How are we going to do it?
Who will complete tasks and monitor implementation?

4. Implement the Solution

5. Monitor the Solution's Impact

Did the solution work?
Has the goal been met, shown progress, or declined?

6. Decide What to Do Next:

Continue Working Toward or Revise Goal?
Modify implementation?
Change Solution?

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