Typically when we think about debate, most people think of arguing. But are these two things really synonymous?
Think about a debatable topic...
Gun control
Abortion access
The death penalty
Animal testing
We could easily argue any one of those "hot button" topics. If you feel strongly in favor of the death penalty, for example, you could present your argument to me. Maybe I'd end up agreeing, but if I feel strongly against the death penalty, it's unlikely that you'll change my mind.
That's arguing. You tell me what you think. I tell you what I think.
That's not quite the same as debate, though. An argument is less formal than a debate. An argument is your opinion or opinions trying to convince someone else of something with or without research. A debate is a formal presentation of arguments – with evidence – and time restrictions.