Knowledge of the terms electromotive force (EMF), internal resistance, lost volts, terminal potential difference (t.p.d.), ideal supplies, short circuit and open circuit.
Description of an experiment to measure the EMF and internal resistance of a cell.
Determination of EMF, internal resistance and short circuit current using graphical analysis.
Use of appropriate relationships to solve problems involving EMF, lost volts, t.p.d., current, external resistance, and internal resistance.