Since the U.N. began measuring HDI in 1980, both developed and developing regions have made progress in the HDI, as well as the variables contributing to the HDI. However, progress varies among the three factors contributing to the HDI.

Indicators of Progress

Here is a summary of the progress made in the HDI and its components:

• GNI per capita. Since 1980, GNI per capita has increased much more rapidly in developed countries than in developing countries.

• Education. Since 1980, mean years of education has increased by around the same number in developed and developing countries.

• Life expectancy. Since 1980, life expectancy has increased by around the same number of years in developed and developing countries (Figure 10-56).

• HDI. The gap in HDI between developed countries and developing countries has narrowed since 1980. The HDI has increased more rapidly in developing regions than in developed ones.

Change in Education

Mean years of education have increased by around three years in both developed and developing countries.

Change in Life Expectancy

Mean years of education have increased by around three years in both developed and developing countries.

Change in Education

HDI has increased in both developed and developing countries.

HDI Change by Region

HDI has increased in all regions.

Sustainable Development Goals

To reduce disparities between developed and developing countries, the 193 members of the United Nations adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. All U.N. members agreed to achieve these goals by 2030. The Sustainable Development Goals replaced eight Millennium Development Goals adopted in 2002 with the goal of achieving them by 2015.

U.N. Sustainable Development Goals

Pause & Reflect 10.4.1

Which Sustainable Development Goals appear to be making the most limited progress? Why might that be the case?