Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources

In this unit, students can practice analyzing and interpreting qualitative models and representations of environmental issues. The ability to describe global maps and maps of plate boundaries is key to explaining the global changes that occur at plate boundaries. Climatograms may also be introduced in this unit. To develop an understanding of the relationship between the geography of the earth and climate, students may benefit from describing the impact of El Niño on marine food chains, and other specific examples.

Students should be able to identify and describe environmental processes displayed visually. They can also practice explaining the meaning of a diagram or infographic, ultimately building to the ability to explain the consequences of a change in an environmental process (i.e., “What would happen if ...”) in later units. To help students build understanding in this area, it may be useful for them to perform a soil/water capacity lab.

On the AP Exam, students must be able to explain representations of convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries present on a global map. To practice this, students can examine global maps to identify the distribution of global plate boundaries. Students should also practice analyzing characteristics of soil. They can perform guided inquiry labs related to soil analysis and formation. Data show a strong correlation between the strength of students’ conceptual understanding and their experience performing hands-on labs.

Students can also practice identifying how climate factors influence the rate of soil formation. They should indicate if that factor speeds up or slows down the rate of formation. Students may benefit from connecting visual representations with explanations of the Earth’s atmosphere/ geography, climate, global wind patterns, solar radiation, and the Earth’s seasons.