Image from Ātua - Māori Gods and Heroes by Gavin Bishop
Tāwhirimātea is the god of the elements. He was close to his father Ranginui and he opposed the separation of Ranginui and Paptūā-nuku. After the separation ofhis parents by Tānemahuta, Tāwhirimātea flew into a rage. He went into the heavens to tell Ranginui that he had had nothing to do with it and he pledged to take revenge (utu) on them. He made his home which was called Mārama-whiti in the left socket of Ranginui's left eye. He declared war on all his brothers and to show that he was serious about wreaking revenge, he tore out hi own eyes and flung them into the highest heavens. They became the main stars of Matariki and Puanga. In his pain, 'he became nothing less than the raging god of winds and lightning, supreme god of all the world's 'hau' (breath)". He gathered together his army;
Ko Te Ihorangi te atua o te ua Te Ihorangi is the god of the rain
Ko Whēkoi te atua o kō-paka me te puaheiri Whēkoi is the god of ice and snow
Tāwhiri-rangi - whirler of the skies
Tūkapua - god of clouds
Ara-tio - god of tornadoes
Tama-te-Uira - fellow good of lightning
Aitupawa - god of thunder
(Adapted from Navigating the stars - Māori Creation Myths by Witi Ihimaera)
It is widely proclaimed that inuits have 50 words for snow - some say it is an urban myth but one man claims it to be true (read here for more information) It is true that different cultures have words and phrases that are unique to their cultures and weather and that vocabulary tells us a lot about their cultures (read more here). And so it is in te reo Māori. Words and phrases are richly descriptive of the type of rain, wind, clouds, sun that have been observed over time. They can sometimes be very specific to the region too. The language that is used to describe the weather in te reo Māori can be seen in Te Orokohanga (The Creation Story) and its aftermath.
Let's go back to Witi Ihimarea's account of the war between Tāhwhirimātea and his brother Tangaroa and Tāne. He gathered his army together and launched his attack with Tama-te-uira and Tūpai (fellow gods of lightning) and he called on Tūkupa ( god of clouds) to unleash his army to camouflage their assault;
Te Ao-nui - dense clouds
Te Ao-pōuri - dark clouds
Te Ao-whetū-mā - fiery clouds
Te Ao-whēkere - clouds before hurricanes
Te Ao-kānapanapa - clouds reflecting the glowi g light
Te Ao-apakura - clouds of thunderstorms
Te Ao-tākawe - racing clouds
Despite Tāwhirimātea throwing ever stronger hurricanes at Tāne and destroying the trees in Te Wao Nui a Tāne, Tāne and his siblings still stood strong. Tāwhirimātea called on Te Ihorangi (god of rain) to help. Te Ua-nui, and Te Ua-roa lashed the forest with their incessant and powerful rain. Te Ua-whatu sent hailstones raining down, Te Hau-māringiringi (mist) and Te Hau-mārotoroto (dew) soaked the earth and attacked the roots of the trees. He also attacked Tangaroa with cyclones and tempests and sucked his children into the skies.
There was a break in the proceedings when night fell and the brothers regrouped. They decided to change tactics, play a long game, and they hid in the depths of the sea and in the forests. Tāne instructed Te Wao Nui to bend and sway rather than stand firm so that the winds would blow through rather than knock the forest down. Tūmātauenga was scornful of this idea and was angry at his brothers for being cowards. He turned against all of them.
Tāwhirimātea was not for stopping though. He had married Pārāwera-nui and they had 28 wind children. They were sent into battle. Tūāraki to the north, Te Hau-marangai to the east, Te Hau-0tonga to the south and Te Hau-ā -uru to the west. Other children also went into battle - Apū-hau, Apū-matangi, Ao-nui, Ao-roa, Ao-pōuri, Ao-pō-tango, Ao-whētuma, Ao-whēkere, Ao-kānapanapa, Ao-tākawe, Ao-pākinakina, Ao-pakarea.
Te Ihorangi, god of rain, had married Huru-tea-rangi and she gave birth to 12 snow, frost, ice and hail children. They too were unleashed into the battle. Generations followed one after the other and "the space below the heavens was filled with warrior children assaulting the Earth and ocean below."
Eventually, Tangaroa and Tāne fell out - long story - and Tangaroa allied with Tāwhirimātea. So now we had the all the weather elements aligned with the seas and oceans. Tangaroa sent waves to lash the land, he allowed Tāwhirimātea to pull water from the ocean creating tornadoes and water spouts to drown the whenua, tsunami waves engulfed the land and pulled even the birds from the trees into the ocean.
We have already heard how Tūmātauenga had declared war on all of them and so as well as the onslaught from Tangaroa and Tāwhitimātea, Tāne and Rongo had to face Tū. Tūmātauenga was powerful. He made snares and caught the birds of the forest, he made nets and caught the fish of the sea, he attacked the kūmara and fernroot of Haumi and Rongo. According to Gavin Bishop 'Rongomātāne, Haumietiketike, Tānemahuta and Tangaroa were all defeated by Tūmatauenga. All of their children were made common by his cooking and eating them. " Tāwhirimātea was not defeated though - he simply slipped away, an elusive wind hidden in the clouds.
The relationship between the ātua is still the same today. The constant battle of the elements, a power struggle, good against evil, 'utu' is being played out to this day in our skies and we feel the effects of it on our whenua.
The tūpuna had an intimate connection to the natural environment and a plethora of language to describe it. He nui ngā ngā kupu mō ngā momo ua. There’s lots of words to describe the different types of rain and we’ve seen a lot of it recently. There’s more than this, so if you have any more kupu or kīanga, add them below or describe the weather in your area today.
To add to these kupu, there is also Tōuarangi, who is the rain. E ai te kōrero, it’s said, “Ko te Rangi tō tātou matua, nāna hoki i homai ōna uri, a Hauwhenua, a Haumāringiringi, a Haumārotoroto, a Tōuarangi, a Tōmairangi.” Rangi (Sky) is our father, who gave his offspring, Hauwhenua (Land Breeze), Haumāringiringi (Mist), Haumārotoroto (Heavy Dew), Tōuarangi (Rain) and Tōmairangi (Dew).
Another kōrero describes Papa (Earth) expressing her love to Rangi through the mist that envelops the mountains, in return Rangi sheds his tears upon Papa, creating the dew. “Kei te mihi tonu te aroha o te wahine ki tana tāne, koia te kohu o ngā maunga e rere nā ki runga; ka ringitia hoki ngā roimata e Rangi ki runga ki a Papatūānuku, koia te haukū.”
https://www.facebook.com/groups/263436354660573/permalink/973673790303489/ Everyday Māori - Hemi Kelly
Ancient stories