References

Select resources to help prepare ways to counter fake news, disinformation, misinformation, conspiracy theories, "pseudo-populism," and propaganda:

_______ (1978), "Distortions of Political Language," Washington Post, November 21, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/11/21/distortions-of-political-language/47d51dc5-cff4-4424-84ea-1931a216ab96/

Paul Baines, Nicholas O'Shaughnessy, and Nancy Snow (Eds.) (2020), The Sage Handbook of Propaganda, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Emma Louise Briant (2015), Propaganda and Counter-Terrorism: Strategies for Global Change, Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press

Constructive Journalism Project (2014), https://www.constructivejournalism.org

Constructive Institute (2022), "What Is Constructive Journalism?"

https://constructiveinstitute.org/what/an-additional-layer/

Educating for American Democracy (2021), Educating for American Democracy Project, https://www.educatingforamericandemocracy.org

Jacques Ellul (1965), Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes, New York: Knopf

Jacques Ellul (2006), "The Characteristics of Propaganda," in Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O'Donnell (Eds.), Readings in Propaganda and Persuasion: New and Classic Essays, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 1-49

Jeanne Fahnestock (2011), Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion, New York: Oxford University Press

Renee Hobbs and Sandra McGee (2014), "Teaching about Propaganda: An Examination of the Historical Roots of Media Literacy," Journal of Media Literacy, 6 (2), pp. 52-67, DOI:10.23860/JMLE-2016-06-02-5

Renee Hobbs (2017), "Measuring the digital and media literacy competencies of children and teens," in Fran C. Blumberg and Patricia J. Brooks (Eds.), Cognitive Development in Digital Contexts, London: Academic Press, pp. 253-274

Sue Curry Jansen (2013), "Semantic Tyranny: How Edward L. Bernays Stole Walter Lippmann's Mojo and Got Away with It and Why It Still Matters," International Journal of Communication, 7, pp. 1094-1111, https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1955

Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O'Donnell (2019), Propaganda & Persuasion, 7th edn, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Stephan Lewandowsky and John Cook (2020), The Conspiracy Theory Handbook. Available at http://sks.to/conspiracy also at: https://www.climatechangecommunication.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ConspiracyTheoryHandbook.pdf

Randal Marlin (2013), Propaganda and the Ethics of Persuasion, 2nd edn, Peterborough, ON: Broadview

Rodney G. Miller (2022), "Choices for Public Talk," in Australians Speak Out: Persuasive Language Styles, Albany, NY: Parula, pp. 73-93

Rodney G. Miller (2022), Bestest Words, Albany, NY: Parula

George Orwell (1954), ‘Principles of Newspeak’, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 241-51 [1st published 1949]

George Orwell (1981), ‘Politics and the English Language’, A Collection of Essays, Orlando, FL: Harvest, pp. 156-71 [1st published 1946]

Vance Packard (1957), The Hidden Persuaders, New York: David McKay Company

Thomas Paine (1997), Common Sense: Of the Origin and Design of Government in General. With Concise Remarks on the English Constitution, Mineola, NY: Dover [first published 1776]

Roslyn Petelin (2022), How Writing Works: A Field Guide to Effective Writing, 2nd edn, New York: Routledge

Peter Pomerantsev (2019), This Is NOT Propaganda: Adventures in the War Against Reality, London: Faber & Faber  

George Pullman (2007), "Rhetorically Speaking, What's New?" in Susan E. Thomas (Ed.), What's the New Rhetoric? Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Maria Ressa (2022), How to Stand Up to a Dictator: The Fight for Our Future, New York: Harper Collins

Jon Roozenbeek, Eileen Culloty, and Jane Suiter  (2022), "Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions," European Psychologist, 28(3), pp.189-205, published online July 14, 2023, https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/full/10.1027/1016-9040/a000492

Giancarlo Ruffo, Alfonso Semeraro, Anastasia Giachanou, Paolo Rosso (2023), "Studying fake news spreading, polarisation dynamics, and manipulation by bots: A tale of networks and language," Computer Science Review, 47, February, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2022.100531 

Dorothy L. Sayers (1948), The Lost Tools of Learning: Paper Read at a Vacation Course in Education, Oxford, 1947, London: Methuen

Anya Schiffrin (2022), "Fighting Disinformation in the 1930s: Clyde Miller and the Institute for Propaganda Analysis," International Journal of Communication, 16, pp. 3715-3741, 

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David Sless and Ruth Shrensky (2023), A New Semiotics: An Introductory Guide for Students, London/New York: Routledge

Nancy Snow and Nicholas J. Cull (Eds.) (2020), Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, 2nd edn, New York: Routledge

J. Michael Sproule (1994), Channels of Propaganda, Bloomington, IN: EDINFO Press and ERIC Clearinghouse

J. Michael Sproule (1997), Propaganda and Democracy: The American Experience of Media and Mass Persuasion, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press

Timothy Snyder (2017), On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century, New York: Tim Duggan

Thomas Steinfatt (1979), "Evaluating Approaches to Propaganda Analysis," ETC. A Review of General Semantics, 36 (2), Summer, pp. 157-180

John Zada (2021), Veils of Distortion, How the News Media Warps our Minds, Toronto: Terra Incognita