Mathematics

Grade level:  9

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  None

*This course meets the Algebra 1 requirement for graduation.  This course is the study of high school Algebra 1 content aligned to the Kentucky Academic Standards for Algebra 1.  Topics include but are not limited to the following:  exponents; quantitative reasoning; linear, quadratic, and exponential expressions; written expressions; polynomials; first and second degree polynomials; linear, quadratic, or exponential equations; inequalities in one variable and linear equations in two variables; graphing; linear, quadratic or exponential functions and function notation; quantitative variables; and linear models. This course is designed to build a solid foundation necessary for future high school mathematics courses. This course contains modeling standards. 

Grade level:  9

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  None

*This course meets the Algebra 1 requirement for graduation.  In Pre-AP Algebra 1, students develop a deep understanding of linear relationships emphasizing patterns of change, multiple representations of functions and equations, modeling real world scenarios with functions, and methods for finding and representing solutions of equations and inequalities. Taken together, these ideas provide powerful conceptual tools that students can use to make sense of their world through mathematics. 

The Pre-AP mathematics areas of focus are aligned to the disciplinary practices that are fundamental to mathematics in high school, AP courses, and beyond. This gives students multiple opportunities to think and work like mathematicians as they develop and strengthen these disciplinary reasoning skills throughout their education: 

• Connections among multiple representations: Students represent mathematical concepts in a variety of forms and move fluently among the forms.

• Greater authenticity of applications and modeling: Students create and use mathematical models to understand and explain authentic scenarios.

• Engagement in mathematical argumentation: Students use evidence to craft mathematical conjectures and prove or disprove them.

https://pre-ap.collegeboard.org/courses/course-descriptions/algebra-1

Grade level:  9-10

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Algebra 1

*This course meets the Geometry requirement for graduation.  This course is the study of high school Geometry content aligned to the Kentucky Academic Standards for Geometry.   Topics include but are not limited to the following:  quantitative reasoning; transformations in the plane; congruence in terms of rigid motions; geometric theorems; geometric constructions; similarity transformations; trigonometric ratios; theorems about circles; the equation for a conic section; coordinates; volume formulas; two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects; and geometric concepts in modeling situations. This course contains modeling standards. 

Grade level:  9-10

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Algebra 1

*This course meets the Geometry requirement for graduation. Pre-AP Geometry with Statistics provides students with a conceptual bridge between algebra and geometry that deepens their understanding of mathematics. The course includes a unit of statistics and probability to support students’ understanding of concepts essential to quantitative literacy. 

Throughout the course, students solve problems across the domains of algebra, geometry, and statistics.

The Pre-AP mathematics areas of focus are vertically aligned to the mathematical practices that are fundamental to the discipline of mathematics in high school, AP courses, and beyond. This gives students multiple opportunities to think and work like mathematicians as they develop and strengthen these disciplinary reasoning skills throughout their education:

• Connections among multiple representations: Students represent mathematical concepts in a variety of forms and move fluently among the forms.

• Greater authenticity of applications and modeling: Students create and use mathematical models to understand and explain authentic scenarios.

• Engagement in mathematical argumentation: Students use evidence to craft mathematical conjectures and prove or disprove them.

https://pre-ap.collegeboard.org/courses/course-descriptions/geometry

Grade level:  9-10

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Algebra 1

*This course meets the Geometry requirement for graduation.  This course is the study of high school Geometry content aligned to the Kentucky Academic Standards for Geometry.   Topics include but are not limited to the following:  quantitative reasoning; transformations in the plane; congruence in terms of rigid motions; geometric theorems; geometric constructions; similarity transformations; trigonometric ratios; theorems about circles; the equation for a conic section; coordinates; volume formulas; two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects; and geometric concepts in modeling situations. This course contains modeling standards. 

Grade level:  9-10

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Algebra 1

*This course meets the Geometry requirement for graduation. Pre-AP Geometry with Statistics provides students with a conceptual bridge between algebra and geometry that deepens their understanding of mathematics. The course includes a unit of statistics and probability to support students’ understanding of concepts essential to quantitative literacy. 

Throughout the course, students solve problems across the domains of algebra, geometry, and statistics.

The Pre-AP mathematics areas of focus are vertically aligned to the mathematical practices that are fundamental to the discipline of mathematics in high school, AP courses, and beyond. This gives students multiple opportunities to think and work like mathematicians as they develop and strengthen these disciplinary reasoning skills throughout their education:

• Connections among multiple representations: Students represent mathematical concepts in a variety of forms and move fluently among the forms.

• Greater authenticity of applications and modeling: Students create and use mathematical models to understand and explain authentic scenarios.

• Engagement in mathematical argumentation: Students use evidence to craft mathematical conjectures and prove or disprove them.

https://pre-ap.collegeboard.org/courses/course-descriptions/geometry

Grade level:  10-12

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Algebra 1 and Geometry

*This course meets the Algebra 2 requirement for graduation. This course is the study of high school Algebra 2 content. Upon completion of the course, students should be able to (1) reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems; (2) perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers and use complex numbers as necessary within the process of solving quadratic equations; (3) perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications; (4) interpret the structure of expressions; (5) write polynomial expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems; (6) understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials; (7) create equations that describe numbers or relationships; (8) understand solving equations, including radical and rational equations, as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning; (9) solve systems of equations consisting of linear and quadratic equations; (10) understand the concept of a function, use function notation and interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context; (11) analyze functions using different representations; (12) build a function that models a relationship between two quantities by combining standard function types using arithmetic operations; (13) construct and compare models and solve problems; (14) summarize, represent and interpret data on one or two categorical and quantitative variable(s); (15) understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments; (16) make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments and observational studies; (17) understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data; and (18) use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound events. 

Grade level:  10-12

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Algebra 1 and Geometry

*This course meets the Algebra 2 requirement for graduation. In Pre-AP Algebra 2, students solidify and extend the understanding of functions and data analysis developed in prior courses. 

Students build upon linear, quadratic, and exponential functions as they work to define logarithmic, polynomial, rational, square root, cube root, and trigonometric functions. Quantitative literacy is developed by weaving data sets, contextual scenarios, and mathematical modeling throughout the course.

The Pre-AP mathematics areas of focus are vertically aligned to the mathematical practices that are fundamental to the discipline of mathematics in high school, AP courses, and beyond. This gives students multiple opportunities to think and work like mathematicians as they develop and strengthen these disciplinary reasoning skills throughout their education: 

• Connections among multiple representations: Students represent mathematical concepts in a variety of forms and move fluently among the forms. 

• Greater authenticity of applications and modeling: Students create and use mathematical models to understand and explain authentic scenarios. 

• Engagement in mathematical argumentation: Students use evidence to craft mathematical conjectures and prove or disprove them.

Grade level:  10-12

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Algebra 1 and Geometry

*This course meets the Algebra 2 requirement for graduation. This course is the study of high school Algebra 2 content. Upon completion of the course, students should be able to (1) reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems; (2) perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers and use complex numbers as necessary within the process of solving quadratic equations; (3) perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications; (4) interpret the structure of expressions; (5) write polynomial expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems; (6) understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials; (7) create equations that describe numbers or relationships; (8) understand solving equations, including radical and rational equations, as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning; (9) solve systems of equations consisting of linear and quadratic equations; (10) understand the concept of a function, use function notation and interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context; (11) analyze functions using different representations; (12) build a function that models a relationship between two quantities by combining standard function types using arithmetic operations; (13) construct and compare models and solve problems; (14) summarize, represent and interpret data on one or two categorical and quantitative variable(s); (15) understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments; (16) make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments and observational studies; (17) understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data; and (18) use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound events. 

Grade level:  10-12

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Algebra 1 and Geometry

*This course meets the Algebra 2 requirement for graduation. In Pre-AP Algebra 2, students solidify and extend the understanding of functions and data analysis developed in prior courses. 

Students build upon linear, quadratic, and exponential functions as they work to define logarithmic, polynomial, rational, square root, cube root, and trigonometric functions. Quantitative literacy is developed by weaving data sets, contextual scenarios, and mathematical modeling throughout the course.

The Pre-AP mathematics areas of focus are vertically aligned to the mathematical practices that are fundamental to the discipline of mathematics in high school, AP courses, and beyond. This gives students multiple opportunities to think and work like mathematicians as they develop and strengthen these disciplinary reasoning skills throughout their education: 

• Connections among multiple representations: Students represent mathematical concepts in a variety of forms and move fluently among the forms. 

• Greater authenticity of applications and modeling: Students create and use mathematical models to understand and explain authentic scenarios. 

• Engagement in mathematical argumentation: Students use evidence to craft mathematical conjectures and prove or disprove them.

https://pre-ap.collegeboard.org/courses/course-descriptions/algebra-2

Grade level:  11-12

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Geometry and Algebra 1

This course is designed for students who have completed courses containing all the required high school Kentucky Academic Standards for Mathematics. This course is designed for students to attain the concepts necessary to be successful in a Calculus course, an AP Calculus course or a Calculus course at a college or university. Objectives for this course should include, but are not limited to solve equations and inequalities involving polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to understand and apply the behavior and properties of polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to graph polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to use technology to solve and graph various types of equations and inequalities and to prove trigonometric identities. Additionally, a Precalculus course may include, but is not limited to, topics found in the (+) standards of the Kentucky Academic Standards for Mathematics. 

Grade level:  11

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Algebra 1, Geometry, and Teacher Recommendation

This course is designed for students who have completed Algebra I and Geometry courses and will cover topics such as probability and statistics, an extension of algebra and geometry concepts beyond what was addressed in the student’s foundational courses, and discrete mathematics.  A portion of Algebra 2 standards will be covered in this course.  Students that enroll in Mathematics Concepts 1 must enroll in Mathematics Concepts 2 OR Algebra 2 the following year to satisfy the Algebra 2 graduation requirement. 

Grade level:  12

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  None

This course is designed for students who have completed courses containing all the required high school Kentucky Academic Standards (KAS) for Mathematics. This course is designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills to manage one's financial resources effectively for lifetime financial security. Topics include economics, money in the economy, budgeting, credit, consumer rights, investments, and retirement planning, beyond what was addressed in the student’s foundational courses. A Personal Finance (Math Credit) course may include but is not limited to, topics found in the (+) standards of the KAS for Mathematics. 

Grade level:  11-12

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Geometry and Algebra 1

This course is designed for students who have completed courses containing all the required high school Kentucky Academic Standards for Mathematics. This course is designed for students to attain the concepts necessary to be successful in a Calculus course, an AP Calculus course or a Calculus course at a college or university. Objectives for this course should include, but are not limited to solve equations and inequalities involving polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to understand and apply the behavior and properties of polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to graph polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to use technology to solve and graph various types of equations and inequalities and to prove trigonometric identities. Additionally, a Precalculus course may include, but is not limited to, topics found in the (+) standards of the Kentucky Academic Standards for Mathematics. 

Grade level:  12

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Pre-Calculus

AP Calculus AB focuses on students’ understanding of calculus concepts and provide experience with methods and applications. The course features a multi-representational approach to calculus, with concepts, results, and problems expressed graphically, numerically, analytically, and verbally. Exploring connections among these representations builds understanding of how calculus applies limits to develop important ideas, definitions, formulas, and theorems. A sustained emphasis on clear communication of methods, reasoning, justifications, and conclusions is essential. Teachers and students should regularly use technology to reinforce relationships among functions, to confirm written work, to implement experimentation, and to assist in interpreting results. College credit is earned with a qualifying score on an AP exam.  *Please note that there is an additional exam fee that is set by the College Board every year.  The test fee will be anywhere from $95 per AP exam.

Grade level:  12

Credit:  1

Prerequisite:  Algebra 1, Geometry, Mathematics Concepts 1, and Teacher Recommendation

Mathematics Concepts 2 is a senior-only course and extends the concepts covered in Mathematics Concepts 1.  Algebra 2 standards will be covered.  Students that have taken Mathematics Concepts 1 must enroll in Mathematics Concepts 2 OR Algebra 2 the following school year to satisfy the Algebra 2 graduation requirement.