Contextual

Contextual theories defined:

This theory suggests that the context can play a major role in the learning process (Watkins et al., 2007, p. 12). For instance, social, physical, or cultural influences play an important role in learning (Ormrod, 2020, p. 282). In basic terms, the context and external factors play a role in our learning and how we can understand the world around us.

This diagram illustrates the connections between the conceptions, actions, and context of learning. These three elements are also inside of a wider context, which can determine the learning experience (Watkins et al., 2007, p. 13).

Five Assumptions of Contextual Theory:

"Brain Body Interdependence"

This suggests that the brain and the body work with one another to carry out thinking or learning processes (Ormrod, 2020, p. 282). An example of this is the song, "Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes." In this song, the parts of the brain are activated to recognize which body part is being mentioned and where to point while the body is actually moving.

"Situated Nature of Learning and Cognition"

In one context, certain thinking, behaviors or knowledge is used; however, in other contexts, these skills are not applied (Ormrod, 2020, p. 283). Furthermore, sometimes it is easier to apply this knowledge because individuals are being scaffolded or working with others (Ormrod, 2020, p. 283). An example of this would be if teachers did an activity in the classroom that involved real-world personal finance activities such as budgeting your life. Students would have to be able to apply some of their basic math skills, but may not immediately use those skills unless they are scaffolded.

"Distributed Nature of Learning and Cognition"

This assumption implies that cognitive load can be spread out through: physical objects, cognitive tools, or other people (Ormrod, 2020, p. 283). An example of this would be if a student has a research paper, they could use a website like Zotero, which would keep track of all citations, just so the student does not have to.

"Collaborative Co-construction of Meaning

Collaborating with others can enhance learning and can make it more meaningful (Ormrod, 2020, p. 283). An example of this would be small discussion groups, which all the students in that group are able to share their thoughts. Therefore, discussion can create more meaning and a better understanding of the content.

"Guidance From Advanced Individuals"

This assumption suggests that people who are more knowledgeable or more experienced can help guide others to aid their understanding of the world (Ormrod, 2020, p. 285). An example of this would be seeking out help from a tutor, who can provide new strategies or different explanations that can aid in the students' understanding.

(Ormrod, 2020, p. 285)

Why is contextual theory important?

Credit: Productivity Guy

Contextual theory is important to understand, because it explains how the various contexts influence the learning process. Furthermore, these contexts can play a role into whether or not connections are made with the information that is learned.

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