Class 19
The Turbulent 19th Century
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The Peninsular War led to a century of confrontation: two Spains trying to figure out the nature of the new country following the destruction of the war, the independence of the territories in America, the birth of nationalism, and the economic and social changes that the Industrial Revolution brought with it.
Fernando VII.pdfPlease read the chapter: Liberal Spain. The idea of the 'two Spains' comes from the confrontation between the Old Regime (represented by Fernando VII here on the left) and those who wanted the political system approved by the Constitución de Cadiz in 1812 (above, Fusilamiento de Torrijos y sus compañeros. Gisbert 1887-88).
Isabel II inherited the crown when she was 3 and became queen at 13 years old with the support of the Liberals. All her life she was a puppet of whoever was in power at the time. She ended up in exile and died in Paris.
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