● 9-12.Geo.13. Analyze the characteristics and purposes and uses of geographic tools, knowledge, and skills.
● 9-12.Geo.14. Create maps to display and explain the spatial patterns of culture and environment.
● 9-12.Geo.15. Interpret geographic characteristics of cultures, economies, and political systems.
● 9-12.Geo.16. Analyze geographic representations to explain changes over time.
● 9-12.Geo.17. Apply geographic knowledge and geospatial skills to interpret the past and present to make informed decisions.
● 9-12.Geo.18. Interpret the reciprocal relationship between physical, geographical locations and the patterns and processes humans create within them.
● 9-12.Geo.19. Evaluate the process of place-making and the development of place-based identity.
● 9-12.Geo.20. Explain the distinguishing features of formal, functional, and perceptual regions.
● 9-12.Geo.21. Explain the causes, characteristics, and impact of human movement (migration, immigration, emigration) and settlement patterns at local, national, and global scales.
● 9-12.Geo.22. Evaluate the causes, characteristics, and impact of diffusion: the spread of ideas, religion, beliefs, cultural practices and traits, language, artifacts, methods, technologies, and diseases over time.
● 9-12.Geo.23. Describe how human systems, perceptions, and identities shape places and regions over time.
● 9-12.Geo.24. Analyze and predict how location, place, and region impact the evolution of human perspectives and identities.
● 9-12.Geo.25. Describe how particular historical events and developments shape human processes and systems in a given place or region over time.
● 9-12.Geo.26. Predict future social, political, economic, cultural, religious, spiritual, and environmental opportunities as well as obstacles associated with movement, population, decision making, and perspectives in a given place or region.
● 9-12.Geo.27. Develop reasoned ethical judgments about people, places, events, phenomena, ideas, or developments, and determine appropriate ways to respond.
● 9-12.Geo.28. Analyze shifting U.S. government environmental policies and regulations in response to changing human-environmental interactions.
● 9-12.Geo.29. Evaluate the consequences of human-made and natural catastrophes on global trade, politics, and human migration.
● 9-12.Geo.30. Assess the reciprocal relationship between the physical environment and culture within local, national, and global scales.
● 9-12.Geo.31. Evaluate how economic globalization and the scarcity of resources contribute to conflict and cooperation within and among countries.
● 9-12.Geo.32. Analyze how the forces of cooperation and conflict within and among people, nations, and empires influence the division and control of Earth’s surface and resources.
● 9-12.Geo.33. Assess how social, economic, political, and environmental developments at global, national, regional and local levels affect the sustainability of modern and traditional cultures.
● 9-12.Geo.1. Create compelling questions representing key ideas within the disciplines.
● 9-12.Geo.2. Develop supporting questions that contribute to an inquiry and demonstrate how, through engaging source work, new compelling and supporting questions emerge.
● 9-12.Geo.3. Gather relevant information from multiple sources representing a wide range of views while using the origin, authority, structure, context, and corroborative value of the sources to guide the selection.
● 9-12.Geo.4. Evaluate the credibility of a source by examining how experts value the source.
● 9-12.Geo.5. Identify evidence that draws information directly and substantively from multiple sources to detect inconsistencies in evidence in order to revise or strengthen claims.
● 9-12.Geo.6. Refine claims and counterclaims attending to precision, significance, and knowledge conveyed through the claim while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both.
● 9-12.Geo.7. Construct arguments using precise and knowledgeable claims, with evidence from multiple sources, while acknowledging counterclaims and evidentiary weaknesses.
● 9-12.Geo.8. Construct explanations using reasoning, correct sequence, examples, and details with significant and pertinent information and data, while acknowledging the strengths and weaknesses of the explanations given their purpose.
● 9-12.Geo.9. Present adaptations of arguments and explanations that feature evocative ideas and perspectives on issues and topics to reach a range of audiences and venues outside the classroom using print and oral technologies and digital technologies.
● 9-12.Geo.10. Critique the use of claims and evidence in arguments for credibility.
● 9-12.Geo.11. Use disciplinary and interdisciplinary lenses to understand the characteristics and causes of local, regional, and global problems; instances of such problems in multiple contexts; and challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address these problems over time and place.
● 9-12.Geo.12. Apply a range of deliberative and democratic strategies and procedures to make decisions and take action in their classrooms, schools, and out-of-school contexts.