Unit 2: Enlightenment, Revolution, and Nationalism

Essential Questions

According to the Enlightenment thinkers, how should a government rule its people?

How did the Enlightenment affect 18th century social reform movements and Enlightened Despots? Was the French Revolution successful? What impact did the French Revolution have on world history? What factors led to the unification of Italy and Germany and in the dissolution of the Ottoman and Austrian Empires?

Enduring Understandings

Students understand that...

The Enlightenment called into question traditional beliefs and inspired widespread political, economic, and social change. This intellectual movement was used to challenge political authorities in Europe and colonial rule in the Americas. These ideals inspired political and social movements.

Knowledge

Students know that...

10.2a Enlightenment thinkers developed political philosophies based on natural laws, which included the concepts of social contract, consent of the governed, and the rights of citizens.

10.2b Individuals used Enlightenment ideals to challenge traditional beliefs and secure people’s rights in reform movements, such as women’s rights and abolition; some leaders may be considered enlightened despots.

10.2c Individuals and groups drew upon principles of the Enlightenment to spread rebellions and call for revolutions in France and the Americas. 10.2d Cultural identity and nationalism inspired political movements that attempted to unify people into new nation-states and posed challenges to multinational states.

Skills

Students will be able to...

• Students will examine at least three Enlightenment thinkers including John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and key ideas from their written works. 

• Students will explore the influence of Enlightenment ideals on issues of gender and 

• abolition by examining the ideas of individuals such as Mary Wollstonecraft and William Wilberforce.

• Students will examine enlightened despots including Catherine the Great.

• Students will examine evidence related to the preconditions of the French Revolution 

• and the course of the revolution, noting the roles of Olympe de Gouges, Maximilien Robespierre, and Napoleon Bonaparte.

• Students will examine the evidence related to the impacts of the French Revolution on 

• resistance and revolutionary movements, noting the roles of Toussaint L’Ouverture and Simon Bolivar.

• Students will investigate the role of cultural identity and nationalism in the unification of Italy and Germany and in the dissolution of the Ottoman and Austrian Empires.

Summative Tasks

• SHEG (Beyond the Bubble): Source Reliability activity about King Louis XVI

• Multiple Choice Questions Bank

• CRQ: Cause & Effect - Divine Right and Enlightenment Ideas

• CRQ: Cause & Effect - Enlightenment Ideas and Execution of Louis XVI

• CRQ: Cause and Effect - Montesquieu and Wollstonecraft 

• CRQ: Comparison - Declaration of the Rights of Man & Napoleonic Code 

• CRQ: Cause & Effect - Enlightenment Ideas and Impeachment of President Trump

• CRQ: Cause & Effect - Locke and Robespierre 

• CRQ: Comparison - Unification of Germany and Italy

• CRQ: Turning Point - Enlightenment Ideas

• CRQ: Cause & Effect - Enlightenment Ideas & Haitian Resolution 

• CRQ: Comparison - Latin American & Haitian Revolutions

• Enduring Issues Activity

Formative Tasks

Excerpts from the Declaration of the Rights of Man asking students for their summary and the  democratic ideal it represents. (one page activity on page  6-30)

Enlightenment Thinkers handout (p 36)  Developing new ideas about science, government, and people

Enlightenment lesson plan: Uses song lyrics to express Enlightenment ideals

Mary Wollstonecraft - Brief  biography w/ discussion questions

Creating a Chart:  Categorize events into a phase of the French Revolution (p 60)

• Handout:  The Declaration of the Rights of Man 

  • (p 59 excerpts w/ questions)

• Handout: "Nationalism: Two Views" (p 68)

  • Giuseppe Mazzini vs. Prince Metternich

Handout:  Enlightened Despots

• • Examine primary and secondary sources (on Frederick II, Catherine the Great & Joseph II) and answer the guiding questions.

• Handout: Otto Von Bismark (includes quote & map)

• Handouts: Nationalism and the Unification of Germany and Italy

  • Part 1: Explains what nationalism is and what effect it can have on individuals and on society

  • Part 2: Describes how nationalism affected Europe in the 19th century with regards to the unification of Germany and Italy, and the weakening of the Austrian and Ottoman Empires.