Structure and Properties of Matter
Different kinds of matter exist and many of them can be either solid or liquid, depending on temperature. Matter can be described and classified by its observable properties.
Forces and Motion
Pushes and pulls can have different strengths and directions
Pushing or pulling on an object can change the speed or direction of its motion and can start or stop it
Types of Interactions
When objects touch or collide, they push on one another and can change motion
Relationship Between Energy and Forces
A bigger push or pull makes things speed up or slow down more quickly
Defining Engineering Problems
A situation that people want to change or create can be approached as a problem to be solved through engineering. Such problems may have many acceptable solutions
Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms
All animals need food, air, and water in order to live, grow, and thrive. Animals obtain food from plants or from other animals. Plants need water, air, and light to live, grow, and thrive.
Biogeology
Plants and animals can change their environment.
Natural Resources
Living things need water, air, and resources from the land, and they live in places that have the things they need. Humans use natural resources for everything they do.
Human Impacts on Earth Systems
Things that people do to live comfortably can affect the world around them. But they can make choices that reduce their impacts on the land, water, air, and other living things.
Developing Possible Solutions
Designs can be conveyed through sketches, drawings, or physical models. These representations are useful in communicating ideas for a problem’s solutions to other people.
Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer
Sunlight warms Earth’s surface.
Weather and Climate
Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region at a particular time. People measure these conditions to describe and record the weather and to notice patterns over time.
Natural Hazards
Some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others in a given region. Weather scientists forecast severe weather so that the communities can prepare for and respond to these events.
Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem
Asking questions, making observations, and gathering information are helpful in thinking about problems.
Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems
A situation that people want to change or create can be approached as a problem to be solved through engineering.
Asking questions, making observations, and gathering information are helpful in thinking about problems.
Before beginning to design a solution, it is important to clearly understand the problem.
Developing Possible Solutions
Designs can be conveyed through sketches, drawings, or physical models. These representations are useful in communicating ideas for a problem’s solutions to other people.
Optimizing the Design Solution
Because there is always more than one possible solution to a problem, it is useful to compare and test designs.