Waves and their interactions
HS-PS4 Waves and their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer
For these projects you will be working to meet the standards. As you know, the key to meeting standard of these self directed learning projects is to demonstrate your understanding of the information. How you demonstrate your learning is your decision. Successful completion of each project will result in meeting the standard for HS-PS4 Waves and their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer
Learning Goal - You will be able to understand how energy travels as a wave. In turn, you will be able to utilize this information to explain how light and sound travel and how we can incorporate, and apply, this understanding of energy travel to modern technologies and everyday use.
Week 1 - August 30
Be able to demonstrate the differences between three types of waves that require a medium to travel and provide real world examples of each
Week 2 - September 4
Describe the characteristics of transverse waves
Week 3 - September 11
Understand and explain the six different behaviors of waves and provide a real world demonstration of each
Week 4 - September 18
Be able to explain each type of electromagnetic radiation.
Week 5 - September 25
Describe how the use of EMR has aided scientists in the exploration of space and provide specific examples and findings of these explorations into universe.
Week 6 - October 2
Be able to explain wave-particle duality. Through this process include the answers to the questions why is the sky/oceans blue, sunset colors and how do rainbows form. In addition, be able to explain the relationship between light and color of an object.
Week 7 - October 9
Describe how the following technologies utilize waves as part of our everyday experiences: Cell phones, microwave oven, MRI, SONAR, how WI-FI works. Include four different examples of EMR that demonstrates the relationship between the use of electromagnetic waves and modern technology.
INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED: Refer to 'notes' section below for content information
Types of waves - Mechanical waves need a medium
types ----> Transverse/Longitudinal/Surface
how does energy travel through medium, provide visual example of motion of atoms
example of energy for each type - ex: what type of energy moves as a transverse wave?
Characteristics of transverse waves - Wavelength, Frequency, Amplitude -
For each include symbols, diagrams, how is each measured, any vocabulary that goes with each, explain where each may be
encountered in your life
Behaviors of waves (be sure to include real world example for each) - Interference (constructive and destructive, diagrams) -- reflection (law of reflection, angle of incidence, angle of reflection, diffuse, specular, diagrams) -- refraction (include diagrams or demonstration) -- diffraction (include diagrams or demonstration), -- standing (diagram - real world example) -- absorption (opaque, translucent, transparent, include examples of each)
Electromagnetic radiation(EMR) - each is a form of light - 7 types, how each can be used, what produces that type of energy in universe
EMR in space - with each type of EMR --> 1 - Name of telescope, 2- pic of telescope, 3-what telescope looks at in universe, 4- picture of that object -- MAKE SURE IT IS a PIC USING MATCHING EMR/TELESCOPE
Wave particle duality of light (think of what you already know first -- word duality means 2) - 2 theories of how light acts (provide evidence/examples) - scattering(sky) - dispersion(rainbow) - why is an apple red? Include pictures/diagrams
Technology - Use four different EMR types not used in provided examples and connect to modern technology examples(current)
MONTHLY PROJECT IDEAS
Electromagnetic spectrum
Types of energy waves, properties of waves
Mathematics of light calculations / energy waves
Wave frequency - radio waves (radio, cell phones, satellite, etc)
Sound energy/waves
Electromagnetic radiation
Physics of light speed
Red light / Blue light - distances in space
Doppler radar
Refraction
Rainbow
Why the sky and water is blue and sunset colors
Primary/secondary colors
Telescope mechanics
Optics
Particle-wave duality
Eye and glasses
Einstein's theory of space/relativity
Max Planck
Light and Black holes
STUDY GUIDE
VOCABULARY
wave
vibration
medium
mechanical wave
electromagnetic wave
transverse wave
compression(longitudinal) wave
crest, trough
wavelength
amplitude
frequency
hertz
reflection
refraction
rarefaction
interference (constructive, destructive)
standing wave
ray
angle of incidence
angle of reflection
diffraction
electromagnetic spectrum
Wave theory
Particle theory
wave particle duality
optics
transmission
absorption
convergent, concave lenses
dispersion
primary, secondary colors
incoherent v. coherent
CONCEPTS
What are the characteristics of waves
Explain the different behaviors of waves
The different types of waves
Diagram two way waves travel
Law of reflection
Lenses used in refracting light
Two theories of light
Why is the sky blue and reddish at sunset
Diagram human eye with two problems
How do rainbows form
Electromagnetic spectrum
NOTES:
wave - the movement of energy in a certain pattern through a medium
vibration - a movement of energy that follows the same path repeatedly
medium - substance through which a wave moves - air, water, solid
mechanical wave - requires a medium
transverse wave - matter vibrates up and down at right angles
longitudinal waves - matter moves back and forth
compression - part where particles are pushed together
rarefaction - part where matter spread apart
surface - matter moves in a circular motion - energy movement through water
electromagnetic waves - do not need medium to travel - light, micro and radio waves
Wave characteristics
wavelength - distance from crest to crest or trough to trough
crest - top of wave
trough - bottom of wave
amplitude - maximum height of wave from rest, indicates amount of energy
frequency - number of complete waves per unit of time, measured in hertz, 1 Hz = 1 wave/sec
speed of waves - different waves travel at different speeds - determined by number waves passing point in a certain amount of
time
Wave behaviors
reflection - bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a surface
angle of incidence - the angle which a wave strikes surface
angle of reflection - angle which a wave leaves a surface
law of reflection - angle of incidence will equal angle of reflection
refraction - bending of a wave due to a change in speed or change in direction as it passes from one medium to another
diffraction - spreading out of waves past edge of barrier
interference - effects caused by two or more waves passing through a medium at the same time
constructive - increases amplitude
destructive - cancels competing sounds
electromagnetic spectrum - range of energy waves ranging from low frequency to high frequency (radio waves to gamma rays)
electromagnetic radiation - traveling em waves
light - two theories
wave theory - travels by vibration of charged particles in a transverse wave
particle theory - light travels as packets of energy called photons, beam of light is stream of photons (einstein)
wave-particle duality - both theories are true, light travels as both
optics - study of how light interacts with everyday objects
transmission - light hits and passes through
absorption - light is blocked
ray - written path of light
converging lens - convex lens, thicker in middle, bends light towards center
diverging lens - concave lens, thicker at ends, bends light towards edge
focal point - point where two light rays meet
focal length - distance from lens to focal point
scattering - light hits small particles (dust, gas) and bounces off - blue is shortest wavelength, scatters most
sunset - angle of sun makes light have to pass through more atmosphere to reach you, red scatters least so it reaches
dispersion - separation of light into individual frequencies by entering different medium - rainbows and rain
primary colors - red blue green
additive coloring - new color by adding together
secondary colors - yellow(red, green), cyan(green blue), magenta(red blue)
subtractive coloring - color by taking one out
incoherent lighting - light traveling in all directions (lightbulb)
coherent lighting - light traveling in one direction (laser)
