Questionnaire

To gain a greater understanding of language learning experiences, we asked learners to complete a background questionnaire. This questionnaire included sections on: 

1. Basic demographic details (e.g., age, gender, location)

2. Age of first exposure to the foreign language

3. Engagement with the foreign language in and outside of the classroom
   Based on the language exposure section of the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (Kaushanskaya et al., 2020)

4. Intention to continue studying the foreign language after GCSE

5. Motivation for and attitudes towards the foreign language and language learning, more generally
   Based on the 11-item short version of Gardner’s (1985) questionnaire

6. Foreign language classroom anxiety
   Based on the short-form (eight item) Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale validated by Botes et al. (2022)

7. Foreign language enjoyment
   Based on short-form Foreign Language Enjoyment scale validated by Botes et al. (2021)

8. Self-efficacy in the foreign language

9. Experiences preparing for GCSE speaking and writing exams

An example of the questionnaire can be found here.