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Writing a research paper is a complex endeavor that requires considerable intellectual and physical effort from researchers. It necessitates careful contemplation and the generation of relevant and logically coherent ideas about the research objectives. Additionally, it involves significant physical engagement, as the successful implementation of plans formulated by the research team is contingent upon rigorous action.
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Research is a systematic approach to uncovering answers to inquiries. It begins with identifying a problem, which is subsequently framed as a question that necessitates exploration. Researchers meticulously plan their investigations, employing observation and utilizing various tools, while actively engaging in the study's context. Upon gathering relevant data, they conduct a thorough analysis to draw conclusions and formulate recommendations.
The term research originates from the Middle French word recherche, which signifies the pursuit of knowledge. This etymology underscores that research is fundamentally driven by the quest for truth. Notably, the outcomes of one research endeavor often generate additional questions and challenges, prompting further investigation.
Prieto et al. (2017) define research as a "systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions." This definition underscores the necessity for a structured approach and method in research, as also articulated by Good (1963) and cited in Calderon and Gonzales (2015). Good characterized research as a "careful, critical, and disciplined inquiry" that adapts according to the problems addressed.
Research is a formalized and organized process that employs scientific methods to generate new knowledge. It encompasses diligent observation and the documentation of findings, which can subsequently inform the development of general theories or concepts. These insights may facilitate the formulation of predictions and enhance the ability to influence future occurrences.
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
The scientific method is a systematic process used for experimentation that aims to explore observations and address questions. Its fundamental objective is to elucidate cause-and-effect relationships by formulating questions, meticulously gathering and analyzing evidence, and synthesizing available information to generate logical conclusions. While researchers employ the scientific method, they do not always adhere strictly to the organized steps as presented in educational settings. Analogous to a chef who may adjust a recipe based on available ingredients, researchers may modify the scientific method by omitting steps, revisiting previous stages, or reiterating certain phases in response to the complexities encountered in real-world situations. Nonetheless, researchers consistently strive to uphold the fundamental principles of the scientific method: using observations, experiments, and data to substantiate or refute explanations of natural phenomena. Although experimentation is considered the optimal approach for testing hypotheses, specific scientific fields, such as astronomy, may not afford the same experiential opportunities.
The scientific method did not emerge from the invention of a single individual; rather, it is the result of centuries of discourse regarding the most effective means of understanding the natural world. Among the earliest proponents of applying observation and reasoning to comprehend nature was the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Additionally, the Arab Muslim mathematician and scientist Hasan Ibn al-Haytham, known in the Western world as Alhazen, is often recognized as one of the first individuals to emphasize the significance of experimentation. Throughout history, numerous scientists have articulated principles for conducting science, advancing our contemporary understanding of the scientific method. Notable contributors include Roger Bacon, Thomas Aquinas, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, and John Stuart Mill. Current scientists continue to refine and advance the scientific method as they explore innovative techniques and emerging research areas.
SOURCE
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/steps-of-the-scientific-methodTHE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
The engineering design process helps engineers solve problems by creating things. Often, this means building a machine, writing computer code, or creating something else that performs a specific task or meets certain criteria.
This process is different from the scientific method. Use the scientific method if your project involves observing and conducting experiments. Use the engineering design process if your project consists of creating, building, and testing something.
Engineers do not always follow the steps in order. They often design something, test it, find a problem, and then go back and change their design. We call this process 'trying again,' or iteration.
SOURCE
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/engineering-design-process/engineering-design-process-steps
COMPARING SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS: WHICH TO USE?
Scientists learn how nature works, while engineers create new things, such as products, websites, and experiences. They have different goals, so they use different ways of working. Scientists do experiments using the scientific method. Engineers employ the engineering design process, which emphasizes creative problem-solving.
Both scientists and engineers add to human knowledge. Scientists use the scientific method to explain and predict things in the world by asking questions and doing experiments. Engineers solve problems by determining what is needed and then devising a solution.
Choosing the proper process for a project can be tricky because the difference between science and engineering isn't always clear. Scientists sometimes apply engineering principles, and engineers often utilize scientific concepts. Many projects mix both science and engineering. If the goal is to create something new—a product, program, or experience—then the engineering design process is typically the best approach. But even engineering projects can benefit from using the scientific method.
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