This remains a controversial issue with no consensus. Several studies have led to a few approaches and algorithms. Discuss every case with the ED consultant and involve the patient in shared decision making.
ECI has a summary of evidence which can be accessed here.
WA Diagnostic Imaging has a handy algorithm - click here to access
RANZCR has an explanation using statistical data - click here to access
Click here for a patient handout (long read) on radiation risks during pregnancy