Explain the role of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions in generating an action potential.
Describe the difference between continuous and saltatory propagation of action potentials.
What is the difference between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors? Give an example of each.
How does the sodium-potassium pump contribute to the resting membrane potential?
Explain how graded potentials can lead to an action potential.
Explain the differences between phasic and tonic receptors, providing an example for each.
Describe the pathway by which sensory information from mechanoreceptors is transmitted to the brain.
What is proprioception, and which receptors are involved in this process?
How do Merkel’s discs and Pacinian corpuscles differ in their function and adaptation to stimuli?
Explain the role of TRP channels in thermoreception, providing an example of a specific TRP channel and the temperature range it detects.
Differentiate between nociception and pain. How do nociceptors contribute to the perception of pain?
Explain the Gate Control Theory of pain and provide an example of how it can be applied.
What is the difference between acute and chronic pain, and how are they typically treated?
Describe peripheral and central sensitization in the context of chronic pain.
What role do descending inhibitory pathways play in pain modulation, and how do neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine contribute to this process?