Describe the main functions of water in the body and explain why maintaining water balance is critical for physiological stability.
Compare and contrast intracellular and extracellular fluid composition, including their ionic makeup and roles in cellular function.
Explain osmosis in the context of hyperosmotic, isosmotic, and hyposmotic solutions, and predict the outcome for a cell placed in each solution.
Define the concept of pH balance and describe how the body regulates pH through buffer systems, including an example of each buffer type.
Discuss the causes, symptoms, and physiological effects of dehydration, hypotonic hydration, and edema.