The typical Ibanag household is built around clearly defined gender roles, where men are generally responsible for agricultural labor and leadership, while women manage household duties, including cooking, child-rearing, and participation in communal events. 

Despite this division, women also play a significant role in the preservation of cultural practices, such as preparing traditional foods, participating in rituals, and teaching children about the tribe's customs (Aguilar, 2014). This division of labor reinforces the importance of mutual dependence within the community, where each role is vital to the overall functioning of the group.

Traditionally, the Ibanags engage in wet rice farming, a practice closely tied to the region’s geography and climate. Rice is not only their staple food but also a key cultural symbol. Planting and harvesting rice are significant events, often accompanied by rituals invoking the gods for blessings and protection from natural disasters (Santos, 2018).

The Ibanag people have traditional ecological knowledge that helps them maintain the balance between agricultural production and environmental preservation. For instance, they use organic farming practices, rotating crops, and preserving soil fertility through natural methods (Reyes, 2021). This deep respect for the environment ensures the sustainability of their livelihood for future generations.

The Spanish colonization of the Philippines in the 16th century led to the introduction of Catholicism and new political structures. Although the Ibanags converted to Catholicism, many indigenous rituals were syncretized with Christian practices. For example, agricultural rites to honor deities were adapted into prayers for good harvests, blending Catholic elements with their traditional beliefs (Padilla, 2012).

In the post-colonial period, the Ibanag people faced the pressures of modernization. While younger generations increasingly moved to urban centers for employment, efforts to preserve their cultural heritage—such as language revitalization programs and the continuation of indigenous festivals, have been central to maintaining their identity (Aguilar, 2014).

Traditionally, leadership in Ibanag communities was vested in the Datu (chief), a position that was earned through merit rather than inheritance. The Datu’s responsibilities included resolving conflicts, overseeing agricultural activities, and ensuring the welfare of the tribe (Reyes, 2021). In modern times, the role of Datu has diminished in influence, but respect for elders and community leaders persists in shaping local governance.

In Ibanag society, gender roles are typically defined but not rigid. Men are often responsible for agricultural work, while women manage the household and engage in communal activities. However, women play an important role in preserving cultural traditions, including dance, song, and storytelling. While traditional gender roles exist, there is a sense of equality within the family unit (Padilla, 2012).