A two-inch piece of aerogel holding up a 4-kilogram cylinder of granite. Courtesy of Rich Kaszeta.
What Is It
The most common aerogel is made with silica. In these aerogels, the silica clusters only make up about three percent of the volume - the rest is air.
How It is Made
A solution is created that then forms a gel, with both liquid and solid components. The liquid part is then replaced with air. This makes an extremely low-density solid with good thermal insulation properties.
How It is Used
Aerogel is used to provide insulation to equipment and buildings and protect equipment from corrosion. It is also used as fire protection in electric vehicles and buildings. You can also get apparel with aerogel as insulation.