V&V

customer requirements

system requirements (+  system architecture)

-----------------

HLR

software architecture + LLR

Source Code

EOC

----------------

up trace / down trace

upward traceability / downward traceability

bi-directional traceability

development traceability ==> sys req <--> HLR <--> LLR <--> Source Code

verification traceability ==> req <--> TC <--> TP <--> TR

------------

planning process outputs ==> 8 (5 plans + 3 standards)

verification process outputs ==> 2 (SVCP, SVR)

tester

inputs ==> variables used in requirements functionality

outputs ==> variables updated in requirements functionality

inputs and outputs must be variables, not values.

verification methods:

1. reviews

2. testing

3. analysis

validation methods: ARP-4754A

1. Traceability

2. Analysis (Modeling)

3. Test

4. Similarity 

5. Inspection (engineering review)

1. reviews

   1. plans and standards review, HLR review, software architecture review, LLR review, source code review, EOC review, test cases and procedures review, test results review, etc.

2. testing

   1. unit testing (UT)

   2. software integration testing (SIT) / software software integration testing (SSIT)

   3. hardware software integration testing (HSIT)

3. analysis 

   1. Traceability analysis

   2. worst case timing analysis

   3. memory analysis

   4. test coverage analysis (TCA)

      1. RBTCA (requirements based test coverage analysis)- HLR, LLR ==> requirements coverage analysis

      2. SCA (structural coverage analysis) - statement coverage, decision coverage, MC/DC ==> code coverage analysis

Independence

MC/DC ==> modified condition / decision coverage

• traceability matrix

  • development traceability (system requirements <--> HLR <--> LLR <--> Source Code)

  • verification traceability (Requirements <--> TC <--> TP <--> TR)

UUT ==> unit under test

RBT ==>requirement based testing vs. SBT ==>structural based testing

expected output vs. actual output

TC ==> test case

TP ==> test procedure

TR  ==> test results

SVCP ==> TC + TP

SVR ==> TR

Exhaustive testing ==> practically impossible

normal range test cases vs. robustness test cases

software development life cycle models:

WATERFALL MODEL:

system requirement 

                 HLR

                       Software Architecture

                                LLR

                                          Source Code / EOC

                                                         verification

V-MODEL:

system requirement                                                                      system testing

                 HLR                                                                                   HSIT

                       Software Architecture                              SIT/SSIT

                                LLR                                                        LLT

                                          Source Code / EOC

testing: RBT (requirement based testing) vs. structure based testing 

requirements ==> TC ==> TP ==> execute TP ==> TR

requirement ==> a+b

code: a-b

expected o/p  2 5 ==> 7

actual o/p -3