Opearators

34 operators:

+ - * / %

< <= > >= == !=

&& || !

& | ^ ~ << >>

=

+ - ++ -- (type) sizeof , ()

?: (ternary operator)

[] * . ->

?: conditional operator

++ increment operator

-- decrement operator

(type)

,

()

-----------------

[] arrays

* pointers

. structures/unions

-> structures/unions

Arithmetic operators:

+ - * / %

sign operators: + -

ternary operator

int c = -5;

int c = +10; //unary operator

int c;

c = 5+2; //binary operator

c=5-2;

c=5*2;

c=5/2; ==> 2

c=5%2; ==> 1

2 | 5 | 2 (/) quotient

      4

------------

     1 (%) remainder

float c;

c=5.0+2.0;

c=5.0-2.0;

c=5.0*2.0;

c=5.0/2.0; ==> 2.500000

c=5.0%2.0; ==> invalid

Relational operators: output boolean

< <= > >= == !=

int c; //int, float, double, char

boolean --> int

false --> 0

true --> 1

c=5<2;

c=5<=2;

c=5>2;

c=5>=2;

c=5==2;

c=5!=2;

conditions

Logical operators: && || !

AND gate

OR gate

NOT gate

int c;

c = 10 && 20; ==> T && T ==> T ==> 1

c = -10 && 20; ==> T && T ==> T ==> 1

c = 0 && 10; ==> F && T ==> F ==> 0

c = 10 || 20; ==> 1

c = !(10); ==> !(T) ==> F ==> 0

Note: by default logical &&, || gates are short circuit operators in C.

decision ==> club conditions

a,b,c

5, 3, 8

a>b

a>c

a>b && a>c ==> a is bigger

int --> boolean

0 ==> false

non-zero ==> true

Truth Table:

Z = A && B;

A B   Z

0 0    0

0 1    0

1 0    0

1 1   1

Z = A || B;

A B   Z

0 0    0

0 1    1

1 0   1

1 1   1

Z = !A;

A  Z

0   1

1   0

Bitwise Operators

& | ^ ~ << >>

&

int c;

c = 10 | 5; //15

c = ~(10);

1010 ==> 0101 ==> 5

1010

0101

---------------

1111 ==> 15

Assignments:

• Digital gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, X-OR, X-NOR

• Number systems: decimal, binary, octal, hexa-decimal ==> conversions

• bitwise operators

1 byte ==> 8 bits

1 nibble ==> 4 bits

4 bytes ==> 32 bits

//signed, unsigned

//long, short

4 bits ==> 16 values ==> 0 to 15 (unsigned) / -8 to +7 (signed)

8 bits ==> 256 values ==> 0 to 255 (unsigned) / -128 to +127 (signed)

32 bits ==> signed range ==> -2147483648 to 2147483647

                          unsigned range ==> 0 to 4294967295

8421

abcd

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

1000

1001

1010

1011

1100

1101

1110

1111