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In this experiment, we mapped electric field lines and equipotential surfaces to visualize how electric fields behave in different electrode configurations. Using a conductive surface and a voltmeter, we measured potential differences at various points and plotted equipotential lines. The results confirmed that electric field lines always intersect equipotential lines at right angles, consistent with electrostatic theory.

For a parallel-plate configuration, the equipotential lines were evenly spaced and parallel, indicating a uniform electric field. In contrast, for a point-source configuration, the equipotential lines formed concentric circles, illustrating a radial field. Our measured electric field strengths closely matched theoretical values, with minimal percentage error.

While minor inaccuracies arose due to probe contact issues and slight fluctuations in the voltmeter readings, teamwork and methodical data collection ensured reliable results. The experiment reinforced key electrostatic concepts, particularly the relationship between electric potential and electric fields, and provided hands-on experience in field mapping techniques.

In this experiment, we investigated the factors affecting capacitance in a parallel-plate capacitor, including plate separation and dielectric materials. We measured capacitance at varying distances, confirming the inverse relationship predicted by C=0rA/d. Additionally, we analyzed capacitors in series and parallel, demonstrating how their equivalent capacitance aligns with theoretical expectations. By introducing dielectric materials (plastic, glass, and paper), we observed increases in capacitance consistent with their dielectric constants. We also estimated the permittivity of free space (E0​) using our experimental data and compared it to the standard value. Despite minor measurement uncertainties, our results closely matched theoretical predictions, reinforcing key electrostatic principles.

In this experiment, Ohm’s law was verified by analyzing the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in resistors and diodes. Measurements were taken for resistors in series and parallel configurations to compare experimental and theoretical values. Additionally, the nonlinear behavior of diodes was studied, confirming their asymmetric conduction properties. The results closely aligned with theoretical predictions, reinforcing key electrical principles. This lab built upon prior experience with circuit analysis, highlighting the importance of accurate measurements and experimental validation in electrical physics. 

Lab 6 focused on exploring vector addition through graphical, analytical, and experimental methods. The primary objective was to understand how vectors combine in two-dimensional space, determine the resultant vector, and analyze the concept of equilibrium using experimental data. The lab aimed to provide practical insights into how vector components contribute to overall magnitude and direction, reinforcing fundamental principles of vector physics.

The lab was divided into key parts: the first part involved adding two vectors, measuring the resultant vector’s magnitude and direction using a force table, and verifying equilibrium. The second part extended the experiment by adding a third vector, requiring more complex adjustments to maintain equilibrium. For each trial, we measured the resultant vector’s magnitude and direction, recorded in Data Tables 3.1 and 3.2, and compared these values with theoretical calculations derived from vector components.

The experiment also required using trigonometric functions to calculate the x and y components of each vector. We employed these component values to determine the theoretical resultant vector’s magnitude and angle, ensuring accurate comparison with experimental results. The lab highlighted the importance of precision in measuring angles and masses, as well as in resolving vector components to achieve reliable results.

The main goals of this lab were to develop accuracy in measuring vector components, enhance analytical skills in determining the resultant vector, and deepen our understanding of equilibrium forces. The experiment emphasized the consistency between theoretical predictions and experimental observations, demonstrating that vectors can be accurately combined using both analytical and graphical approaches. This hands-on exploration of vector addition provided valuable experience in interpreting and verifying vector relationships, preparing us for more complex studies in force interactions and vector mechanics in future experiments.

Lab 7 focused on studying projectile motion by examining the independence of horizontal and vertical motion components. The main objective was to observe how gravity affects vertical motion without impacting horizontal velocity and to confirm theoretical predictions for projectile range.

The lab involved setting up a ramp and photogates to measure the initial horizontal speed of a ball launched off a table. Using this speed and the table height, we predicted the landing distance and then compared it with the actual landing distance to evaluate accuracy.

This lab helped us refine our data collection and analysis skills, and reinforced key principles of projectile motion, which are essential for applying kinematic concepts in future experiments.

Lab 7 focused on studying projectile motion by examining the independence of horizontal and vertical motion components. The main objective was to observe how gravity affects vertical motion without impacting horizontal velocity and to confirm theoretical predictions for projectile range.

The lab involved setting up a ramp and photogates to measure the initial horizontal speed of a ball launched off a table. Using this speed and the table height, we predicted the landing distance and then compared it with the actual landing distance to evaluate accuracy.

This lab helped us refine our data collection and analysis skills, and reinforced key principles of projectile motion, which are essential for applying kinematic concepts in future experiments.

Lab 7 focused on studying projectile motion by examining the independence of horizontal and vertical motion components. The main objective was to observe how gravity affects vertical motion without impacting horizontal velocity and to confirm theoretical predictions for projectile range.

The lab involved setting up a ramp and photogates to measure the initial horizontal speed of a ball launched off a table. Using this speed and the table height, we predicted the landing distance and then compared it with the actual landing distance to evaluate accuracy.

This lab helped us refine our data collection and analysis skills, and reinforced key principles of projectile motion, which are essential for applying kinematic concepts in future experiments.

Lab 7 focused on studying projectile motion by examining the independence of horizontal and vertical motion components. The main objective was to observe how gravity affects vertical motion without impacting horizontal velocity and to confirm theoretical predictions for projectile range.

The lab involved setting up a ramp and photogates to measure the initial horizontal speed of a ball launched off a table. Using this speed and the table height, we predicted the landing distance and then compared it with the actual landing distance to evaluate accuracy.

This lab helped us refine our data collection and analysis skills, and reinforced key principles of projectile motion, which are essential for applying kinematic concepts in future experiments.

Lab 7 focused on studying projectile motion by examining the independence of horizontal and vertical motion components. The main objective was to observe how gravity affects vertical motion without impacting horizontal velocity and to confirm theoretical predictions for projectile range.

The lab involved setting up a ramp and photogates to measure the initial horizontal speed of a ball launched off a table. Using this speed and the table height, we predicted the landing distance and then compared it with the actual landing distance to evaluate accuracy.

This lab helped us refine our data collection and analysis skills, and reinforced key principles of projectile motion, which are essential for applying kinematic concepts in future experiments.

Lab 7 focused on studying projectile motion by examining the independence of horizontal and vertical motion components. The main objective was to observe how gravity affects vertical motion without impacting horizontal velocity and to confirm theoretical predictions for projectile range.

The lab involved setting up a ramp and photogates to measure the initial horizontal speed of a ball launched off a table. Using this speed and the table height, we predicted the landing distance and then compared it with the actual landing distance to evaluate accuracy.

This lab helped us refine our data collection and analysis skills, and reinforced key principles of projectile motion, which are essential for applying kinematic concepts in future experiments.

Lab 7 focused on studying projectile motion by examining the independence of horizontal and vertical motion components. The main objective was to observe how gravity affects vertical motion without impacting horizontal velocity and to confirm theoretical predictions for projectile range.

The lab involved setting up a ramp and photogates to measure the initial horizontal speed of a ball launched off a table. Using this speed and the table height, we predicted the landing distance and then compared it with the actual landing distance to evaluate accuracy.

This lab helped us refine our data collection and analysis skills, and reinforced key principles of projectile motion, which are essential for applying kinematic concepts in future experiments.