Lab 1 involved a comprehensive study of Thevenin equivalent circuits and transistor amplifier characteristics through both theoretical analysis and practical experiments. The primary objective was to understand the Thevenin's theorem application to real-world signal sources and to evaluate the performance characteristics of an NPN transistor amplifier. The experiment was structured into two parts: the first focused on determining the Thevenin equivalent circuit for a function generator, including the measurement of its internal resistance, and the second on constructing and analyzing a low-gain transistor amplifier circuit. Key goals included measuring the transfer curve of the amplifier, computing voltage gains, and understanding the behavior of the amplifier beyond its normal operating range, providing insights into linear and non-linear amplification behavior in practical electronic applications.

Lab 2 involved an in-depth exploration of diode characteristics under both forward and reverse bias conditions, with a focus on understanding the voltage-current relationship in different diode configurations. The primary objective was to analyze the behavior of the 1N914 diode when subjected to varying voltage levels and to observe the differences in performance when the diode was forward-biased versus reverse-biased. The experiment was divided into two key parts: the first centered on constructing and measuring the voltage drop and current flow across the diode in forward bias, while the second part focused on analyzing the diode's behavior in reverse bias, including the calculation of the extremely low current levels typical of this configuration.  

Lab 3 focused on examining the performance and characteristics of rectifier circuits, including half-wave, full-wave, and bridge rectifiers, both with and without filter capacitors. The primary objective was to understand how these circuits convert AC to DC voltage and the effect of adding a filter capacitor on the output waveform. The experiment was divided into three key parts: the first involved constructing and analyzing the half-wave rectifier circuit, the second part focused on the full-wave rectifier, and the third part examined the bridge rectifier. Each section included measuring the output voltage, ripple voltage, and observing the impact of filtering on the rectified signal. 

In Lab 4, my objective was to explore the principles of diode limiting and clamping circuits, which are essential in signal modification and protection. The experiment was designed to investigate how these circuits alter input waveforms by limiting voltage peaks and shifting the signal baseline using DC bias. This lab provided an opportunity to go beyond theoretical understanding, offering hands-on experience in constructing the circuits and observing their behavior in real-time using oscilloscopes and simulation tools. Through this practical application, I gained a deeper insight into how limiting and clamping circuits function in real-world electronic systems. 

In Lab 5, we focused on the analysis of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) characteristics, aiming to understand and validate the relationship between base current \( I_B \), collector current \( I_C \), and the current gain \( B_{DC} \). The primary objective was to observe and measure how the transistor amplifies the input signal in a common-emitter configuration and how changes in base current affect the overall collector current. Through hands-on experimentation, we measured key parameters such as \( V_{CE} \) and \( I_C \) across different base current values, allowing us to plot the transistor's characteristic curves and calculate \( B_{DC} \). This experiment not only provided a practical demonstration of transistor behavior but also reinforced the theoretical understanding of amplification and current gain in active devices like BJTs.

In Lab 6, I embarked on an investigative journey to explore the dynamics of parallel resistive circuits, a key concept in electrical engineering. This exploration was motivated by two primary objectives: to apply and validate Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) within the context of parallel circuits and to perform a comprehensive analysis of voltage, current, and resistance across various parallel configurations. This hands-on approach aimed not only to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application but also to provide insights into the quantitative and qualitative relationships defining parallel circuit behavior.

In this laboratory experiment, I explored the intricate behaviors of series-parallel resistive circuits, a foundational aspect of electrical engineering that blends theoretical knowledge with practical application. The primary objective was to construct a series-parallel circuit, perform accurate measurements of voltage, current, and resistance, and compare these empirical data against theoretical calculations. This endeavor aimed to deepen my understanding of Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL), and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), alongside the practical skills of circuit construction and analysis.

In this laboratory experiment, I explored the intricate behaviors of Wheatstone bridge circuits, a foundational aspect of electrical engineering that blends theoretical knowledge with practical application. The primary objective was to construct a Wheatstone bridge circuit, perform accurate measurements of voltage, current, and resistance, and compare these empirical data against theoretical calculations. This endeavor aimed to deepen my understanding of Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL), and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), alongside the practical skills of circuit construction and analysis.

In this laboratory experiment, I explored the intricate behaviors of troubleshooting circuits, a foundational aspect of electrical engineering that blends theoretical knowledge with practical application. The primary objective was to identify and understand different types of circuit faults, such as short circuits, open circuits, and hidden resistors, across various configurations including series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits. This endeavor aimed to deepen my understanding of Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL), and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), alongside the practical skills of circuit analysis and fault diagnosis using diagnostic tools like Multisim simulation software.

Due to my absence during the scheduled lab session, I undertook this lab independently on a subsequent Thursday using OpenLab. This self-directed approach necessitated rigorous problem-solving and a deeper engagement with the material, enhancing my troubleshooting skills and my ability to work independently, which are invaluable in the field of electrical engineering.

In this laboratory experiment, I explored the application of Thevenin’s Theorem to simplify complex electrical networks. The primary objective was to identify and calculate the Thevenin equivalent of given circuits, specifically focusing on determining Thevenin voltage (Eth) and Thevenin resistance (Rth). This experiment involved both theoretical calculations and practical circuit construction, as well as simulation using Multisim to compare the outcomes. 

Due to time constraints during the scheduled lab sessions, I attended an OpenLab session, which provided additional time to thoroughly revisit each step of the circuit construction and analysis. This approach allowed me to perform detailed analysis and troubleshooting, ensuring a deeper understanding of Thevenin’s Theorem and its practical application. 

By constructing both the original and Thevenin equivalent circuits and comparing the theoretical calculations with actual measurements, I aimed to verify the accuracy and applicability of Thevenin’s Theorem. This lab reinforced the importance of precise measurements and meticulous documentation in circuit analysis and troubleshooting.

In this laboratory experiment, I conducted a comprehensive study of alternating current (AC) circuits, focusing on understanding the role and behavior of capacitors and inductors across varying frequencies. The primary objective was to explore the frequency response of AC circuits by observing changes in the amplitude and phase of the voltage across various components as the input frequency was varied. This study was crucial for grasping the dynamic interactions within AC circuits, which are fundamental to applications in signal processing, filtering, and power regulation.

Due to time constraints in the physical lab setting, I extensively utilized Multisim, a circuit simulation software, to complement the hands-on experiments. This approach allowed for a thorough investigation and analysis of the AC circuits, ensuring a deeper understanding of the theoretical concepts and their practical applications.

By systematically varying the frequency of the input signal and analyzing the resulting changes in the circuit, I aimed to enhance my theoretical knowledge and practical skills in measuring and analyzing sinusoidal waveforms. This lab reinforced the importance of precise measurements and the use of advanced instrumentation in the study of AC circuits, preparing me for future tasks in electrical engineering.