At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

1. Add simple fractions and mixed numbers  with or without regrouping 

2. Subtract fractions, simple fractions, and mixed numbers with or without regrouping

3. Multiply simple fractions and mixed fractions

4. Divide simple fractions and mixed fractions

The learners are able to:

1. Add simple fractions and mixed numbers  with or without regrouping 

2. Subtract fractions, simple fractions, and mixed numbers with or without regrouping

3. Multiply simple fractions and mixed fractions

4. Divide simple fractions and mixed fractions

Addition of fractions

If you color two or more sections, what fraction would represent them ?

Therefore, is 10/10 equal to 1 whole, why?

Are the denominators, the numbers , below the fraction bar, the same in all the fractions?

What do you call theses fractions?

Like fractions or similar fractions - are fractions having the same denominator

In adding similar fractions, what should added? What do you do with the denominators?

In the fractions : 3/10 + 4/10 + 1/10  = 8/10, we added the numerators and copied the common denominator.

Dissimilar fractions or unlike fractions, also known as unlike fractions, are fractions that have different denominators. In other words, the bottom numbers (denominators) of these fractions are not the same.  
The fractions 1/2 and 3/4 can be reduced to equivalent fractions by finding the LCD. Thus 1/2 = 4/8 and 3/4 = 6/8; 8 is the LCD. Why?

LCD - (Least Common Denominator) - is the smallest number that can be divided evenly by the given denominators. Thus, the LCD of 3/4 and 1/8 is 8 because 8 is the smallest number that can evenly divided by 4 and 8.
Similarly, fractions like 3/7 and 2/5 are dissimilar because their denominators (7 and 5) are different. To work with these fractions in calculations, you would first need to find a common denominator.

Improper fractions - is a fraction where the numerator is equal to or greater than the denominator.
For example:  19/10 , 10/8 , 11/8

An improper fraction can be reduced to a mixed or a whole number by dividing the numerator by the denominator and writing the fractional part in lowest terms.
In 9/8, 9 ÷ 8 = 1 1/8; 10/8 = 10 ÷ 8 = 1 2/8 = 1 1/4. How about 11/8?

Subtraction of Fractions

To subtract two fractions with the same denominator, subtract the numerators. Write the difference over the common denominators.
5/8 - 1/8 = 5-1/8 = 4/8 = 1/2           Reduce the answer to its lowest term.

To subtract dissimilar fractions with different  denominators. Here's the process in a step-by-step example:

Let's subtract 2/5 from 3/7.

Step 1: Find a common denominator. The denominators are 5 and 7. The LCM of 5 and 7 is 35.

Step 2: Create equivalent fractions. 3/7 = (3 * 5) / (7 * 5) = 15/35 2/5 = (2 * 7) / (5 * 7) = 14/35

Step 3: Perform subtraction. (15/35) - (14/35) = (15 - 14) / 35 = 1/35

Step 4: Simplify. The fraction 1/35 is already in its simplest form.

So, 3/7 - 2/5 = 1/35.