Embedded Files
relationship between anxiety and pain appraisal, and Lazaridou et al. (2019) found that pain catastrophizing moderated the association between physical activity and pain intensity. Psychopathology has implications for the daily living and treatment of FM patients (González et al., 2020), and it has been suggested it can be considered more as a moderator of the strength of the relationship between FM variables than as a mechanism responsible for the relationship. However, no study has analyzed the moderator role of psychopathology (understood as the characteristic style of the person to express psychic suffering) in the clinical status of FM. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the psychopathological profi le of FM patients and to examine whether psychopathology intensify the impact of physical symptoms on impairment in daily functioning. The specifi c hypotheses proposed were: 1) FM patients will show higher scores in psychopathology than non-clinical sample and similar to psychiatric sample (according to standardized norms of SCL-90-R); 2) greater psychopathology will be signifi cantly associated with more physical symptoms (pain intensity and poor sleep quality) and higher impairment; and 3) psychopathology will be a statistically signifi cant moderator of the relationship between physical symptoms (pain intensity and poor sleep quality) and impairment. Method Participants Since FM is more prevalent in women than in men and both sex groups differ in several clinical aspects (Miró et al., 2012), only women were included. The eligibility criteria were: (a) being a woman aged between 18 and 67 years; (b) having been diagnosed with FM according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (Wolfe et al., 1990, 2010) with no current severe co-morbid medical conditions; and (c) not having a history of psychotic and/or substance-related disorders or other severe psychological disorder. A consecutive sampling was applied, so all accessible/available FM patients from Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital in Granada, and several associations of FM patients in Andalusia were invited to participate in the research. After checking the eligibility criteria, the selected sample consisted of 181 women with FM. Instruments McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form (MPQ-SF; Melzack, 1987). It evaluates pain experience with 15 sensory/affective descriptors, pain intensity during the previous week with a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 1 (no pain) to 10 (extreme pain), and pain intensity at the time of the test. In this study the VAS was used. The MPQ-Spanish version showed acceptable consistency (almost all coeffi cients > .90), intercategory/interparameter correlation, and concurrent validity (Lázaro et al., 2001). Pittsburgh Quality Index (PSQI; Buysse et al., 1989). It includes 19 items that explore subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep effi ciency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The totalscale score ranges from 0 to 21 (high scores indicating greater disturbance). The PSQI-Spanish version showed adequate internal consistency (α = .81), test-retest reliability, and convergent validity (Hita-Contreras et al., 2014). Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ; Burckhardt et al., 1991). It consists of 10 items that explore the interference of FM in functional capacity for daily life. The total-scale score ranges from 0 to 94 (high scores indicating greater impact). The FIQ-Spanish version showed good internal consistency (α = .82), test-retest reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change (Rivera & González, 2004). M. Pilar Martínez, Ana I. Sánchez, Rafael Cáliz, and Elena Miró 216 Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1994). It includes 90 items grouped in nine symptomatic dimensions of psychopathology (somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism), an additional scale, and three global indexes (Global Severity Index, GSI, Positive Symptom Total, PST, and Positive Symptom Distress Index, PSDI). For the moderation analysis the PSDI was used, which measures
Google Sites
Report abuse