Embedded Files
Information asymmetry happens when some members or stakeholders receive critical documents, data, or drafts while others are excluded. Unequal access ensures that certain voices dominate deliberation.
Why It Matters
Creates dependency on leadership or insiders for context.
Silences members who cannot prepare questions or alternatives.
Reduces transparency and fairness in decision-making.
Tell-Tale Signs
Agenda packets or draft bills circulated selectively.
Key data withheld until just before a vote.
Members claiming they “never saw” the materials being discussed.
Examples Across Levels
Local: A condo board circulates drafts privately to only a few members.
State: Committee chairs release amendments hours before hearings.
Federal: Complex bills unveiled late at night before a vote.
Countermeasures
Mandate equal distribution of all meeting materials to every member.
Set minimum review periods before votes.
Encourage public posting of non-confidential materials.
Related Patterns
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