Embedded Files
Authority is delegated to executives, managers, or administrators without mechanisms to monitor or review their actions.
Why It Matters
Shifts power away from representative bodies.
Creates opportunities for abuse of discretion.
Weakens institutional learning and accountability.
Tell-Tale Signs
Boards vote to “authorize staff to handle” without follow-up.
Legislative delegations rarely reviewed.
Executives accumulate discretionary authority over time.
Examples Across Levels
Local: HOA board delegates budget authority to management with no oversight.
State: Legislatures grant broad regulatory powers but fail to monitor agencies.
Federal: Congress cedes war powers to the executive without formal review.
Countermeasures
Require sunset clauses on delegated authority.
Mandate regular reporting and audits.
Retain minority rights to demand review.
Related Patterns
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