CHAPTER V

1. Efficacy of Eco-adhesive in terms of Glue-up Test and Heat and Humidity Test

There are three treatments and five materials used for method of testing in finding the results. The results are the findings through the data collected in testing glue-up test and heat and humidity test in each material for 3 replicates of each treatment. The data shows the differences of each treatment in working on with applying eco-adhesive and it shows the efficacy of eco-adhesive in each treatment through presenting the mean scores.

2. Most Effective formulation

The three treatments are consist of different amount of plant sap combined. The most effective treatment that best applied to the materials is treatment 2 which has the highest mean score of 4.533 among all the treatments. This treatment includes the 50% of Araucaria heterophylla resin and 25% each of the Chrysophyllum cainito sap and Carica papaya sap. This was applied into different materials such as paper to paper, paper to polystyrene foam, paper to fabric, paper to plastic, and paper to wood.

3. Best Material used to Apply Eco-adhesive

There are five sets of material used for the application of each treatment. The five materials are paper to paper, paper to polystyrene foam, paper to fabric, paper to plastic, and paper to wood. The best material that has the highest mean score among all of the materials is paper to wood. Paper to wood is the material that has the highest mean score of 4.67 on heat and humidity test, which leads to the highest mean score in all of the materials of 4.78.

4. Differences in the Results of Glue-up Test

The average results of the glue-up test of each treatment on the materials being applied with eco-adhesive explains that there are significant differences in the results of the glue-up test. To conclude, it means that the results of the glue-up test are depending on the materials being used in applying the treatment product. In this case, the researcher used ANOVA test and even though there are differences in the scores, the differences between them are significant. However, the different treatments vary in the results of glue-up test through its application to the materials that are being used. The p value = 0.347948, therefore, the H₁ is accepted and H₀ is rejected, Therefore, there are significant differences on bonding strength of each treatment with base ingredients mixed with different plant sap.

In this study, it shows different results in terms of glue-up test and heat and humidity test. The results in glue-up test is one that matter the most because this is the test that determine the setting speed of the product. However, this study has three treatments to work on and five materials used for the application of the eco-adhesive. Among the three treatments, treatment 2 is the most effective and the best material is paper to wood among the five materials used based on the data results. The significance differences in terms of its result on glue-up test is due to the use of ANOVA test. This test accurately determines that there is no significant differences among the treatments because it resulted to the p value of 0.347948.

To conclude this research according to the results of ANOVA test, the alternative hypothesis is rejected, and the null hypothesis is failed to be rejected. The accepted null hypothesis is “There is no significant differences on bonding strength of each treatment with base ingredients mixed with different plant sap.” This is due to the p value that is equal to 0.347948 which is greater than the level of significance of 0.05. The significant differences of all the treatments are due to the different materials used in the application of the eco-adhesive.

1. Future researchers must use the important methods of testing which are the glue-up test and heat and humidity test through the application of eco-adhesive to different materials.

2. Explore different materials with rare and unique textures or surfaces and try to use the same materials with the same surfaces for bonding.

3. It is recommended in pouring enough amount of water to the sap collected when storing for a longer time because it might cause to dry out when there is no water.

4. In addition to the experiment conducted and analysis obtained, further experiment could be explored to find ways to prevent spoilage of the product in testing its longevity.

5. A study can be conducted using different plant sap with high bonding strength for the production eco-adhesive.