CHAPTER III

This study aims to test the efficacy of eco-adhesive using different plant sap through glue-up and heat and humidity test, right amount of measurement for the mixture of plant sap for the formulation, on what material is this eco-adhesive best applicable and the differences of the treatments based on the results of glue-up test.

This research uses quantitative experimental method due to the different treatments, control setup, and experimental setup. Quantitative research is closely associated with the ideas from the “scientific method” that includes the generation of models, theories and hypothesis, development of instruments and methods for measurement, experimental control and manipulation of variables. Experimental research conducted with a scientific approach that used two sets of variables that act as constant which are used to measure the differences of the other variable.

Figure 2: Research Paradigm

Materials needed:

· Bowl

· Close container

· Funnel (small)

· Gloves

· Hot pot

· Knife

· Ladle

· Measuring cups

· Squeeze bottle (30 ml)

· Spoon

· Syringe (5 cc)

Ingredients:

· Flour (1 cup)

· Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla) resin

· Papaya (Carica papaya) sap

· Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito) sap

· Vinegar ( ½ cup)

· Water (2 cups)

Procedures:

Preparing

First is to prepare all the materials needed for collecting the different plant sap. The materials needed are container for storing the each sap, gloves to avoid stickiness of the sap, knife for cutting different plant parts that give out sap, and stick for the sap extraction especially for Araucaria heterophylla resin.

Gathering

After collecting the sap needed for the formulation of the product, gather all the following ingredients such as base ingredients and different plant sap and all the materials needed for the formulation. The base ingredients are flour, vinegar, and water. The different plant sap are Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito) sap, Papaya (Carica papaya) sap, and Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla) resin. The materials needed are measuring instruments such as measuring cups, bowl for mixing each treatment, hot pot for boiling, ladle for mixing, closed container for setting aside the boiled treatments, squeeze bottle for the product, and 5cc syringe and small funnel for putting the product into the squeeze bottle. Also, include the masking tape and marker for the labels.

Measuring

Measuring the following ingredients is based on the treatments. Using the measuring cups, measure the following sap to complete each treatment together with the base ingredients. Prepare a bowl with enough size. The first treatment is the thirty-three point thirty-three percent (33.33%) of each plant sap, the second treatment is fifty percent (50%) of Araucaria heterophylla resin and twenty-five percent (25%) for each of the Chrysophyllum cainito sap and Carica papaya sap, and the third treatment is fifty percent (50%) of Chrysophyllum cainito sap and twenty-five percent (25%) for each of the Araucaria heterophylla resin and Carica papaya sap. Make sure to measure the exact amount of plant sap for each treatment to have an accurate results.

Mixing

After measuring all the sap needed, mix the base ingredients in each treatment such as one cup of flour, a half cup of vinegar, and a cup of water and add the mixtures of each treatment and label the following into treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3.

Boiling

There is already a mixture of each treatment, prepare a hot pot in a low heated fire and put each mixture of the treatment one at a time for thirty minutes. During fifteen minutes of boiling, put a cup of water into the mixture and wait for another fifteen minutes to set aside the following and to take the next treatment.

Application

When the treatments are already cooled down, prepare the thirty milliliter squeeze bottle, small funnel and a 5cc syringe. Put the boiled mixtures into the squeeze bottles and label each with the treatment and replicate. After all these procedures, it is ready for application. The materials such as paper to paper, paper to plastic, paper to polystyrene foam, paper to wood, and paper to fabric are used for the application. After applying, set the following for thirty minutes and proceed to the methods of testing.

Testing:

Glue-up test

Glue-up test is to perform a method in which it must be observed how the eco-adhesive sets successfully to a material and evaluate the condition of the material. The process must undergo an observation of setting speed of the product up to one hour but it has to be monitored every ten minutes. After thirty minutes, gently separate the materials to test if they set successfully. Make sure to determine if the product sets and bonds successfully to the material without any damage.

Heat and humidity test

Heat and humidity test is determining on how well a bond will hold under extreme condition. The researcher uses this method of testing which the materials applied with eco-adhesive must be placed in a room temperature area for twenty-four hours after the glue-up test to determine, observe and evaluate on what happen to the materials being bonded.

Table 1: Treatments

This research will be conducted in the researcher’s place at Purok San Gabriel, Barangay Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato where the formulation of eco-adhesive from different plant sap takes place. Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito) sap, Papaya (Carica papaya) sap, and Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla) resin will be extracted in the place where there are trees of these different plants such as our farm at Barangay Kinilis, Polomolok, South Cotabato. Other materials and ingredients are available at supermarket and any local markets nearby. All of the following ingredients and materials needed for the formulation and the place for this research is in Polomolok, South Cotabato.

This study will be conducted by the researcher and will do the experiment together with the assistance of its validator. This study requires to have three replicates each treatment which has three treatments and five materials used for the application of the eco-adhesive from different plant sap.

Table 3: Heat and Humidity Test Research Instrument

The procedure in gathering the data of this research is to arrange the data in a table in order to be organized and easier to figure out the result. The tables consist of a treatments and methods for testing during application of eco-adhesive from different plant sap. The researcher will rate each treatment and method through the research instrument approved by the validator, specifically, the table 3.6 and table 3.7 as a guidelines. The data will be gathered through each of the ratings and the results is through the highest mean score.

The sampling procedure use for this research is the purposive sampling which it is the technique that relies on the judgment of the researcher’s chosen respondents. It is a non-probability sampling method that the sample participants are selected based on the researcher's judgment. This research is using a purposive method of sampling because any chosen respondent will benefit the use of this eco-adhesive though this study is the experiment conducted by the researcher together with the validator.

The researcher uses mean scores and one way analysis of variance or ANOVA in finding the results of each statement of the problem. Mean score works to find out the results by adding the data and divide it by the number of data being added while ANOVA is a test that works to figure out if the results of the experiment are significant. This helps the researcher to find out if it is needed to reject the null hypothesis or accept the alternative hypothesis. These also helps the researcher to answer the statement of the problem of this research.